kiš
Northern Ohlone
Alternative forms
Etymology
Compare Southern Ohlone kaaniš.
See also
Northern Ohlone personal pronouns
| Number | Person | Subject | Object | Possesive | ||||
| Disjunctive1 | Proclitic |
Enclitic | Disjunctive1 | Proclitic | Enclitic | |||
| Singular | First | kaana | ek- | -ek, -k | kiš, kaaniš | kiš- | -kiš | ek-, kaanak |
| Second | meene | em-, im- | -em, -im, -m | miš | emiš-, imiš-, miš- | -miš | em-, meenem | |
| Third | waaka | Ø-2 | -Ø2 | wiš | Ø-2, eš- | -Ø2, -eš | i-, waakai- | |
| Plural | First | makkin | mak- | -mak | makkiš, makkinše | — | — | mak-, makkinmak |
| Second | makkam | kam- | -kam | makkamše | — | — | kam-, makkam | |
| Third | waakamak | ya- | -ya | yaṭiš | — | — | ya-, waakamak | |
| 1Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek). 2Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used. Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine an undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle + -eš + -ek | ||||||||
References
María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges), Unpublished
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