tirgus

Some consider this word borrowed from Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ, “market, commerce”), which agrees with the u in Lithuanian (and Latvian dialectal) tur̃gus, but not with the i in standard tirgus. Others propose that it is the natural development of Proto-Baltic *terg-, *tirg-, from Proto-Indo-European *ter-, *tor-, *tr̥- (“to make noise, to talk a lot”) (whence Latvian tērzēt, tirzāt (“to chat, to chatter”), q.v.) with an extra -g (whence also Latvian tērgot, tērgāt (“to chat, to chatter”), where the long ē is secondary; q.v.). The semantic evolution would be, in this case: “much (loud) talking” > “noise, bustle” (still currently attested; see below) > “(place where there is) much noise, bustle” > “place where people meet, village square, market.” In the 18th and 19th centuries, the meaning “price” is also attested. Cognates include Lithuanian tur̃gus, Proto-Slavic *tъrgъ (Old Church Slavonic тръгъ (trŭgŭ, “people gathering, market, marketplace”), Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ), торгъ (torgŭ, “market, commerce”), Russian, Ukrainian торг (torg, “commerce; (arch.) market; (pl.) auction”), Bulgarian търг (tǎrg, “auction; commerce”), Czech trh (“market”), Polish targ (“market”)), Old Norse, Icelandic, Swedish torg (“market, marketplace”), Danish torv (“market, marketplace”), Albanian treg (“market”).[1]

• IPA^(key): [tìɾɡus]

tirgus m (3rd declension)

1. market, marketplace (a square, a building, a space, where agricultural and/or industrial goods are sold and bought; the kind of buying and selling that takes place in such a place)

   tirgus laukums ― market square, marketplace

   tirgus burzma ― market bustle

   rudens tirgus ― autumn market

   zivju tirgus ― fish market

   puķu tirgus ― flower market

   tirgus cena ― market price

   tirgus soma ― market bag

   iepirkties tirgū ― to shop in the market

   vest uz tirgu ābolus ― to take apples to the market

   gada tirgus, gadatirgus ― year market, fair

   nedeļas tirgus ― weekly market

   tirgus sieva ― market woman (i.e., who trades in a market)

   krāmu tirgus ― flea market (where common, used objects are sold)

   melnais tirgus ― black market (= illegal market)

2. (figuratively) noise, uproar, confusion

   netaisiet tirgu! ― don't make a market! (= confusion, noise)

   drīz vien bērni sāka kliegt cits caur citu: sacēlas īsts tirgus ― soon the children started shouting at each other: a real market (= confusion, uproar) arose

3. market (system of trading; trade processes, relations)

   iekšējais, vietējais, ārējais tirgus ― internal, local, foreign market

   starptautiskais tirgus ― international market

   naftas tirgus ― the oil market

   brīvais tirgus ― free market

   brīvā tirgus ekonomika ― free market economy

   tirgus attiecības ― market relations

   pasaules tirgus ― the world market (= international trade system)

• ārvalstu valūtas tirgus

• bazārs