văn minh

See also: Văn Minh

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 文明, composed of 文 (“literature”) and 明 (“bright”), Japanese 文明 (bunmei), Literary Chinese 文明 (wénmíng, “brilliant; glorious”).

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [van˧˧ mïŋ˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [vaŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [vaŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧] ~ [jaŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

Adjective

civilized
xã hội công bằng, dân chủ, văn minh ― a fair, democratic, civilized society

Noun

(classifier nền) văn minh

civilization (organized culture)
văn minh nhân loại ― human civilization

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