しまう

Japanese
Alternative spellings
終う
了う
仕舞う

Etymology 1

From root shim-, cognate with classical verb 締む (shimu, “to fasten, tighten”) and modern verb 閉まる (shimaru, “to be closed”) +‎ ふ (fu, auxiliary verb indicating repetition or ongoing action).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) しまう [shìmáú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɕima̠ɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "しまう"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 しまう しまう [shìmáú]
Imperative (命令形) しまえ しまえ [shìmáé]
Key constructions
Passive しまわれる しまわれる [shìmáwárérú]
Causative しまわせる しまわせる [shìmáwásérú]
Potential しまえる しまえる [shìmáérú]
Volitional しまおう しまお​ー [shìmáóꜜò]
Negative しまわない しまわない [shìmáwánáí]
Negative perfective しまわなかった しまわな​かった [shìmáwánáꜜkàttà]
Formal しまいます しまいま​す [shìmáímáꜜsù]
Perfective しまった しまった [shìmáttá]
Conjunctive しまって しまって [shìmátté]
Hypothetical conditional しまえば しまえ​ば [shìmáéꜜbà]

Verb

しまう • (shimau) ←しまふ (simafu)?godan (stem しまい (shimai), past しまった (shimatta))

  1. to close
  2. to finish, do something completely
  3. to put away, to put an end to
  4. (auxiliary) after the conjunctive て (-te) form of a verb:
    1. is, or was (with conjugation), done completely
    2. happens, or happened, unexpectedly
      彼(かの)女(じょ)は大(おお)阪(さか)に行(い)ってしまいました。 ― Kanojo wa Ōsaka ni itte shimaimashita. ― She just (up and) went to Osaka.
    3. is done with difficulty
    4. happens, or is done with regret afterward; end up
      あなたは笑(わら)われてしまうでしょう。 ― anata wa warawarete shimau deshō. ― You will be laughed at (and you won't like it).
Usage notes
  • Usually written in hiragana.
  • The auxiliary use is always appended to the conjunctive (-te form) of a verb.
  • てしまう (-te shimau) and でしまう (-de shimau) can be contracted to ちゃう (-chau) and ぢゃう (-jau). These two forms conjugate like godan verbs and are often used in casual speech.
    忘(わす)れちゃった！ ― wasurechatta! ― I forgot!
  • There are also ちまう (-chimau) and ぢまう (-jimau), which sound old-fashioned.
  • Due to changes in spelling rules during the 20th century, the voiced versions ぢゃう (-jau) and ぢまう (-jimau) may be more commonly encountered as じゃう (-jau) and じまう (-jimau).
Conjugation
Conjugation of "しまう" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") しまわ shimawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") しまい shimai
Shūshikei ("terminal") しまう shimau
Rentaikei ("attributive") しまう shimau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") しまえ shimae
Meireikei ("imperative") しまえ shimae
Key constructions
Passive しまわれる shimawareru
Causative しまわせる
しまわす		 shimawaseru
shimawasu
Potential しまえる shimaeru
Volitional しまおう shimaō
Negative しまわない shimawanai
Negative continuative しまわず shimawazu
Formal しまいます shimaimasu
Perfective しまった shimatta
Conjunctive しまって shimatte
Hypothetical conditional しまえば shimaeba
Classical conjugation of "しまふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) しまはsimafa
Continuative (連用形) しまひsimafi
Terminal (終止形) しまふsimafu
Attributive (連体形) しまふsimafu
Realis (已然形) しまへsimafe
Imperative (命令形) しまへsimafe
Key constructions
Negative しまはずsimafazu
Contrasting conjunction しまへどsimafedo
Causal conjunction しまへばsimafeba
Conditional conjunction しまはばsimafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) しまひきsimafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) しまひけりsimafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) しまひつsimafitu
Perfect tense (natural event) しまひぬsimafinu
Perfect-continuative tense しまへり
しまひたり		simaferi
simafitari
Volitional しまはむsimafamu
Derived terms

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of しまう – see the following entries.
【鷙猛しもう】
[adjective] (rare) fierce; cruel; violent
(This term, しまう, is a historical kana spelling of the above term.)

(The following entry is uncreated: 四孟.)

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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