ぴかぴか

See also: ひかひか and びかびか

Japanese

Etymology

/fikafika/ → /pikapika/

First attested as ひかひか (fikafika) in the 1595 Dictionarivm Latino Lvsitanicvm, ac Iaponicvm (“Dictionary from Latin into Portuguese, and Japanese”).[1]

Reduplication of the ひか (hika-) root of Old Japanese-derived verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to gleam”), which root is from Proto-Japonic *pika. See also *pikaru.

As part of the Late Middle Japanese reintroduction of /p/ as a phoneme, particularly among mimetic words and in some Sino-Japanese compounds, this word regained its original /p/ sound that had by then shifted to /ɸ/.

Pronunciation 1

Adverb

ぴかぴか or ピカピカ • (pikapika) 

  1. (onomatopoeia) glitteringly, sparklingly
Usage notes

Generally used without a particle:

  • ぴかぴか光(ひか)る宝(ほう)石(せき) ― pikapika hikaru hōseki ― a sparklingly shining jewel

Sometimes encountered with the adverbial particle と (to):

  • ぴかぴかと光(ひか)る宝(ほう)石(せき) ― pikapika to hikaru hōseki ― a sparklingly shining jewel
Derived terms
Descendants
  • →⇒ Korean: 삐까삐까 (ppikkappikka, “equally matched, nip and tuck”)
See also
  • ひかひか (hikahika)
  • びかびか (bikabika)

Pronunciation 2
  • (Tokyo) ぴかぴか [pìkápíká] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
  • IPA(key): [pʲika̠pʲika̠]

Adjective

ぴかぴか or ピカピカ • (pikapika) -na (adnominal ぴかぴかな (pikapika na na), adverbial ぴかぴかに (pikapika ni ni))

  1. shiny, glossy
    ぴかぴかなグラス ― pikapika na gurasu ― a shiny drinking glass
    ピカピカの一(いち)年(ねん)生(せい) ― pikapika no ichinensei ― a shiny, fresh first-year student
Inflection
Inflection of ぴかぴか
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) ぴかぴかだろ pikapika daro
Continuative (連用形) ぴかぴかで pikapika de
Terminal (終止形) ぴかぴかだ pikapika da
Attributive (連体形) ぴかぴかな pikapika na
Hypothetical (仮定形) ぴかぴかなら pikapika nara
Imperative (命令形) ぴかぴかであれ pikapika de are
Key constructions
Informal negative ぴかぴかではない
ぴかぴかじゃない		 pikapika de wa nai
pikapika ja nai
Informal past ぴかぴかだった pikapika datta
Informal negative past ぴかぴかではなかった
ぴかぴかじゃなかった		 pikapika de wa nakatta
pikapika ja nakatta
Formal ぴかぴかです pikapika desu
Formal negative ぴかぴかではありません
ぴかぴかじゃありません		 pikapika de wa arimasen
pikapika ja arimasen
Formal past ぴかぴかでした pikapika deshita
Formal negative past ぴかぴかではありませんでした
ぴかぴかじゃありませんでした		 pikapika de wa arimasen deshita
pikapika ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive ぴかぴかで pikapika de
Conditional ぴかぴかなら（ば） pikapika nara (ba)
Provisional ぴかぴかだったら pikapika dattara
Volitional ぴかぴかだろう pikapika darō
Adverbial ぴかぴかに pikapika ni
Degree ぴかぴかさ pikapikasa
Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN; source text visible online here, in the Coruscus entry, third down in the left-hand column, in the adverbial form ficaficato
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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