らしい
Japanese
Suffix
らしい • (-rashii) -i (adverbial らしく (-rashiku))
- (after nouns, adverbs or adjective stems)
- to be like or equivalent to; to be perceived as
- 男 (otoko, “man”) - 男らしい (otokorashii, “manly”)
- 汚い (kitanai, “dirty”) - 汚らしい (kitanarashii, “looking dirty”)
- 大人らしくするつもりだったのに、大騒ぎしてしまった。
- Otonarashiku suru tsumori datta no ni, ōsawagi shite shimatta.
- Despite the fact that I planned to act like an adult, I ended up making a big ruckus.
- 2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第63話 幼い記憶”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド, volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 109–110:
- たまには女の子らしいお前もいいけど ルリの事考えてるお前が一番お前らしいと思ってな！
- Tama ni wa onna no ko rashii o-mae mo ii kedo Ruri no koto kangaeteru o-mae ga ichiban o-mae rashii to omotte na!
- It’s nice to have you be ladylike every once in a while. But it’s much better to have you be yourself every time you think about Ruri!
- たまには女の子らしいお前もいいけど ルリの事考えてるお前が一番お前らしいと思ってな！
- to cause a feeling or emotion
- to be like or equivalent to; to be perceived as
Usage notes
- The suffix らしい (-rashii) usually denotes a quality that is somehow appropriate to or positive for the noun being described. Meanwhile, synonym っぽい (-ppoi) describes a quality that is somehow inappropriate to or negative for the noun being described. Compare English childlike and childish, womanly and womanish, manly and mannish.
Inflection
Inflection of らしい
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | らしかろ | らしかろ | -rashikaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | らしく | らしく | -rashiku |
| Terminal (終止形) | らしい | らしい | -rashii |
| Attributive (連体形) | らしい | らしい | -rashii |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | らしけれ | らしけれ | -rashikere |
| Imperative (命令形) | らしかれ | らしかれ | -rashikare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | らしくない | らしくない | -rashiku nai |
| Informal past | らしかった | らしかった | -rashikatta |
| Informal negative past | らしくなかった | らしくなかった | -rashiku nakatta |
| Formal | らしいです | らしいです | -rashii desu |
| Formal negative | らしくないです | らしくないです | -rashiku nai desu |
| Formal past | らしかったです | らしかったです | -rashikatta desu |
| Formal negative past | らしくなかったです | らしくなかったです | -rashiku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | らしくて | らしくて | -rashikute |
| Conditional | らしければ | らしければ | -rashikereba |
| Provisional | らしかったら | らしかったら | -rashikattara |
| Volitional | らしかろう | らしかろう | -rashikarō |
| Adverbial | らしく | らしく | -rashiku |
| Degree | らしさ | らしさ | -rashisa |
Classical conjugation of "らし" (シク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | らしく[1] らしから[2] | -rasiku -rasikara | ||
| Continuative (連用形) | らしく[1] らしかり[2] | -rasiku -rasikari | ||
| Terminal (終止形) | らし | -rasi | ||
| Attributive (連体形) | らしき らしかる | -rasiki -rasikaru | ||
| Realis (已然形) | らしけれ | -rasikere | ||
| Imperative (命令形) | らしかれ | -rasikare | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | らしからず | -rasikarazu | ||
| Contrasting conjunction | らしけれど | -rasikeredo | ||
| Causal conjunction | らしければ | -rasikereba | ||
| Conditional conjunction | らしくば | -rasikuba | ||
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | らしかりき | -rasikariki | ||
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | らしかりけり | -rasikarikeri | ||
| Adverbial | らしく | -rasiku | ||
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
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