下さる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
下
くだ
Grade: 1

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝda̠sa̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "くださる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
くださる くださ​る [kùdásáꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) くだされ くださ​れ [kùdásáꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive くだされる くだされ​る [kùdásáréꜜrù]
Causative くださせる くださせ​る [kùdásáséꜜrù]
Potential - - -
Volitional くださろう くださろ​ー [kùdásáróꜜò]
Negative くださらない くださら​ない [kùdásáráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective くださらなかった くださら​なかった [kùdásáráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal くださいます くださいま​す [kùdásáímáꜜsù]
Perfective くださった くださ​った [kùdásáꜜttà]
Conjunctive くださって くださ​って [kùdásáꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional くだされば くださ​れば [kùdásáꜜrèbà]

Etymology 1

From classical 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru), by a shift in the conjugation from ichidan to godan.

Verb

下(くだ)さる • (kudasaru) godan (stem 下(くだ)さり (kudasari) or 下(くだ)さい (kudasai), past 下(くだ)さった (kudasatta))

  1. (honorific) to give
    先生(せんせい)は私(わたし)に本(ほん)を下(くだ)さいました。
    Sensei wa watashi ni hon o kudasaimashita.
    [My] teacher gave me a book.
  2. (honorific) to do something for me/us
Usage notes
  • The receiver is always the speaker or someone close to the speaker such as a family member. The giver is always someone of higher social status than the speaker.
Conjugation
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Synonyms

Etymology 2

Derived as the passive / potential / spontaneous / honorific conjugation of 下す (kudasu, “to lower something”).

Verb

下(くだ)さる • (kudasaru) †nidan

  1. (honorific) to give
  2. (honorific) to do something for me/us
Conjugation
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