原始

Chinese

	former; original; primary former; original; primary; raw; level; cause; source	begin
trad. (原始)	原	始
simp. ^#(原始)	原	始
alternative forms	元始
anagram	始原

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuánshǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ ㄕˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴ ci²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngièn-sṳ́ / ngiàn-sṳ́
Eastern Min (BUC): nguòng-sṳ̄
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): goân-sí
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶gnioe-sy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuánshǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄕˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuánshǐh
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²-shih³
  - Yale: ywán-shř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanshyy
  - Palladius: юаньши (juanʹši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴ ci²
  - Yale: yùhn chí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴ tsi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴ qi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn-sṳ́
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngienˇ sii`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² si³
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en¹¹ sɨ³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn-sṳ́
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngianˇ sii`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² si³
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an¹¹ sɨ³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nguòng-sṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(s-)ny³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân-sí
  - Tâi-lô: guân-sí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goansie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² si⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² si⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³⁻²² si⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ si⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³⁻³³ si⁴¹/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶gnioe-sy
  - MiniDict: nyoe^去 sy
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyyoe-sr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲyø²² sz̩⁴⁴/

Adjective

原始

(attributive, of a source, document, etc.) original; first-hand
原始記錄／原始记录 ― yuánshǐ jìlù ― original record
primitive
原始人 ― yuánshǐrén ― primitive man

原始社會／原始社会 ― yuánshǐ shèhuì ― primitive society
(linguistics) proto-
原始漢藏語／原始汉藏语 ― yuánshǐ hàncángyǔ ― Proto-Sino-Tibetan language

Synonyms

(primitive): (literary) 草昧 (cǎomèi), (attributive) 始祖 (shǐzǔ)
(original): (attributive) 本來／本来 (běnlái), (attributive) 原來／原来 (yuánlái)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “primitive”): 開化／开化 (kāihuà)

Noun

原始

(literary) beginning; outset; start
原始點醫學／原始点医学 ― yuánshǐ diǎn yīxué ― Origin Point Medicine

Derived terms

原始主義／原始主义 (yuánshǐzhǔyì)
原始人 (yuánshǐrén)
原始公社 (yuánshǐ gōngshè)
原始印歐語／原始印欧语 (Yuánshǐ Yìn-Ōuyǔ)
原始林 (yuánshǐlín)
原始森林 (yuánshǐ sēnlín)
原始漢藏語／原始汉藏语 (yuánshǐ hànzàngyǔ)
原始社會／原始社会 (yuánshǐ shèhuì)
原始積累／原始积累 (yuánshǐ jīlěi)
原始股 (yuánshǐgǔ)
原始閩語／原始闽语 (yuánshǐ mǐnyǔ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
原	始
げん Grade: 2	し Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɡẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi]

Noun

原(げん)始(し) • (genshi)

primal, primeval
source (data etc.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
原	始

Noun

原始 • (wonsi) (hangeul 원시)

Hanja form^? of 원시 (“primal; primitive”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
原	始

Adjective

原始

chữ Hán form of nguyên thủy (“primitive”).

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