原

See also: 厡
原 U+539F, 原
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-539F
← 厞
[U+539E]
CJK Unified Ideographs 厠 →
[U+53A0]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order
10 strokes

原 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一竹日火 (MHAF), four-corner 71296, composition ⿸厂⿱白小)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 162, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2973
  • Dae Jaweon: page 368, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 74, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+539F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
原
2nd round simp. 𰆖
alternative forms 厡
邍 “plain”
𠫐

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 原
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 泉 (“spring”) + 厂 (“cliff”) – a spring bursting from a cliff-side – origin.

Etymology

The sense “source, origin; basic, primary” is perhaps related to 元 (OC *ŋon, “head; principal; first; great”) (Qiu, 1988). According to Schuessler (2007), in Shijing 原 meant "a plain" as well as "highland", thus perhaps also related to 元 (OC *ŋon) (see also Qiu, 2000).

元 and 原 had been used interchangeably in the sense "origin" until 原 became favoured in the early Ming dynasty to avoid the name of the Yuan dynasty. Confer 元由, 元來/元来 and 元配.[1]

Pronunciation


Note:
  • nguang5 - Shantou;
  • nguêng5 - Chaozhou.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai)
        • Wugniu: 6gnioe
        • MiniDict: nyoe去
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3nyyoe
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲyø²³/
      • (Suzhou)
        • Wugniu: 2gnioe
        • MiniDict: nyoe平
        • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /n̠ʲyø²²³/
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: ye2
        • Sinological IPA (key): /y̯e̞¹³/

Rime
Character 原
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 愚袁切
Baxter ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋʉɐn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋuan/
Li
Rong
/ŋiuɐn/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yuán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 原 原
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yuán yuán
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngjwon › ‹ ngjwon ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-ɢʷar/ /*N-ɢʷar/
English spring, source; origin high plain (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 原
Reading # 1/1
No. 16186
Phonetic
component
原
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
元
Old
Chinese
/*ŋʷan/
Notes 金文象泉源,爲源初文

Definitions

原

  1. meadow; field; plain; prairie; tundra; wilderness
  2. source; origin; beginning
  3. Original form of 源 (yuán, “fountainhead; source”).
  4. basic; fundamental
  5. original; primary
  6. originally; at the beginning
  7. to originate; to arise
  8. to trace the source; to probe into
  9. (literary, or in compounds) to forgive; to pardon
    原諒/原谅  ―  yuánliàng  ―  to forgive
    原宥  ―  yuányòu  ―  to forgive
    原情 [Hokkien]  ―  goân-chêng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to forgive
  10. a surname: Yuan

Synonyms

  • (originally):
  • (to forgive):

Compounds

References

  1. 清·郝懿行《晉宋書故·元由》:“今人爲書元俱作原字……葢起於前明初造事涉元朝文字簿書率皆易元爲原沿至今日”

Japanese

Kanji

原

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
原
はら
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, finished some time after 759 CE. Compare Korean 벌 (beol, “plain, field”).

Pronunciation

Noun

原(はら) • (hara) 

  1. meadow, plain, field
Usage notes

Specifically refers to a field that is not cultivated.

Proper noun

原(はら) • (Hara) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
原
げん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 原 (MC ngjwon, “source; origin; beginning”).

Pronunciation

Noun

原(げん) • (gen) 

  1. the original thing

Prefix

原(げん) • (gen-) 

  1. the original
    原(げん)文(ぶん)、原(げん)材料(ざいりょう)
    genbun, gen-zairyō
    original document, original / raw materials

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 原 (MC ngjwon).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᅌᅯᆫ (Yale: ngwèn)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527두던〮 (Yale: twùtén)원 (Yale: wèn)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 原 (eumhun 언덕 원 (eondeok won))
原 (eumhun 근원 원 (geunwon won))

  1. Hanja form? of 원 (“meadow”).
  2. Hanja form? of 원 (“origin”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

原: Hán Nôm readings: nguyên, nguyễn

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