堪える

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
堪
た
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 堪える – see the following entry.
【たえる】
[verb] 耐える, 堪える: to have the ability (for a job etc.), to be worthy
Alternative spelling
耐える
(This term, 堪える, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
堪
こら
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 堪える – see the following entry.
【こらえる】
[verb] bear, put up with, stand, endure
Alternative spelling
怺える
(This term, 堪える, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
堪
こた
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) こたえ​る [kòtáéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞ta̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

堪(こた)える • (kotaeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 堪(こた)え (kotae), past 堪(こた)えた (kotaeta))

  1. to endure, to withstand
    Synonyms: 耐える, 我慢, こらえる
    失敗(しっぱい)が身(み)に堪(こた)える
    shippai ga mi ni kotaeru
    to endure the failure
  2. Fixed expression: 堪えられない: irresistable, really good
    堪(こた)えられない暑(あつ)さ
    kotaerarenai atsusa
    the heat I can't endure
    面白(おもしろ)くて堪(こた)えられない
    omoshirokute kotaerarenai
    it's so interesting that I can't resist
  3. Fixed expression: 持ち堪える: to hang on, to withstand, to endure, to hold up
    最後(さいご)まで持(も)ち堪(こた)える
    saigo made mochikotaeru
    to hold up until the end
Conjugation
Conjugation of "堪える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 堪え こたえ kotae
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 堪え こたえ kotae
Shūshikei ("terminal") 堪える こたえる kotaeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 堪える こたえる kotaeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 堪えれ こたえれ kotaere
Meireikei ("imperative") 堪えよ¹
堪えろ²		 こたえよ¹
こたえろ²		 kotaeyo¹
kotaero²
Key constructions
Passive 堪えられる こたえられる kotaerareru
Causative 堪えさせる
堪えさす		 こたえさせる
こたえさす		 kotaesaseru
kotaesasu
Potential 堪えられる
堪えれる³		 こたえられる
こたえれる³		 kotaerareru
kotaereru³
Volitional 堪えよう こたえよう kotaeyō
Negative 堪えない
堪えぬ
堪えん		 こたえない
こたえぬ
こたえん		 kotaenai
kotaenu
kotaen
Negative continuative 堪えず こたえず kotaezu
Formal 堪えます こたえます kotaemasu
Perfective 堪えた こたえた kotaeta
Conjunctive 堪えて こたえて kotaete
Hypothetical conditional 堪えれば こたえれば kotaereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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