岩

See also: 巖, 礹, 巗, 碞, 嵒, and 嵓
岩 U+5CA9, 岩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CA9
← 岨
[U+5CA8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 岪 →
[U+5CAA]

Translingual
Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

岩 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 山一口 (UMR), four-corner 22601, composition ⿱山石)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 309, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7985
  • Dae Jaweon: page 609, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 766, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5CA9

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 岩
alternative forms 巖
巗／岩
嵒
嵓

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 岩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 山 (“hill”) + 石 (“rock”).

Originally written as 巖 – phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːm) : semantic 山 (“hill”) + phonetic 嚴 (OC *ŋam). The variant form 岩 first appeared in the clerical script in the Han dynasty era.

Etymology 1

Cognate with 嚴 (OC *ŋam, “majestic; stern; grave”) and 儼 (OC *ŋamʔ, “dignified; majestic”). See 嚴 for more.

癌 (ái, “cancer”) is a derivative of 岩.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 岩
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 銜 (149)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五銜切
Baxter ngaem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠam/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚam/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋam/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋaɨm/
Li
Rong		 /ŋam/
Wang
Li		 /ŋam/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋam/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ngaam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 岩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngæm ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ŋ]ˁr[a]m/ (< uvular?)
English rocky, lofty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 岩
Reading # 1/1
No. 3684
Phonetic
component		 敢
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 巖
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋraːm/

Definitions

岩

  1. cliff
  2. rock; stone; -ite
  3. mountain peak
  4. cave
  5. † tall; steep

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 岩 – see 巖 (“dangerous and important”).
(This character is the simplified and variant form of 巖).
Notes:

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji
岩

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
岩
いわ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
巌
磐

/ipa/ → /ifa/ → /iwa/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū finished some time after 759 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

岩(いわ) • (iwa) ←いは (ifa)?

  1. rock
    • 1999 July 22, “岩(がん)窟(くつ)魔(ま)人(じん)オーガ・ロック [Cave Jinn Ogre Rock]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
      体(からだ)が岩(いわ)のため守(しゅ)備(び)は高(たか)い。太(ふと)い腕(うで)のひと振(ふ)りに注(ちゅう)意(い)。
      Karada ga iwa no tame shubi wa takai. Futoi ude no hitofuri ni chūi.
      Its defence is strong thanks to its rock body. Watch out for a swing of its massive arms.
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
岩
がん
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 岩 (MC ngaem).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ɡã̠ɴ]

Affix

岩(がん) • (gan) 

  1. rock

References
  1. c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 15, poem 3590:
    , text here
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

岩 (eum 암 (am))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Miyako

Kanji
岩

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings
  • Kun: ぴぃし (pїshi)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *piri (compare 平良 (Pïsara, “Hirara”) < *pirara), from Proto-Japonic *piri (possibly related to *pira (“slope”)[1]).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [pɨɕi]

Noun

岩(ぴぃし) (psïshi) 

  1. rock

References
  1. Pellard, Thomas. "A (more) comparative approach to some Japanese etymologies." Studies in Japanese and Korean historical and theoretical linguistics and beyond (2017): 55-64.

Vietnamese

Han character

岩: Hán Nôm readings: nham, nhàm, nhem

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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