忠

See also: 中心

忠	U+5FE0, 忠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FE0

← 忟
[U+5FDF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

忡 →
[U+5FE1]

Translingual

Han character

忠 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 中心 (LP), four-corner 5033₆, composition ⿱中心)

Derived characters

𠊞, 㥙, 𣷡, 𦜦, 䛱, 𨨩, 𩗻, 𢘑, 𢘗, 𡲦, 𫁑, 𨵖, 𬅇, 贒

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 377, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10353
Dae Jaweon: page 704, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2273, character 15
Unihan data for U+5FE0

Chinese

simp. and trad.		忠

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 忠
Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
中	tuŋ, tuŋs
忠	*tuŋ
衷	tuŋ, tuŋs
忡	*tʰuŋ
浺	*tʰuŋ
盅	tʰuŋ, duŋ, *tjoŋ
种	*duŋ
沖	*duŋ
翀	*duŋ
仲	*duŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuŋ) : phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

Cognate with Tibetan གཞུང་བ (gzhung ba, “to attend; to be heedful”). Perhaps the same word as 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhōng (zhong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng
Eastern Min (BUC): dṳ̆ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiong

(Teochew, Peng'im): dong¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹tson

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
  - Wade–Giles: chung¹
  - Yale: jūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
  - Palladius: чжун (čžun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung¹
  - Yale: jūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dṳ̆ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong
  - Tâi-lô: tiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dong¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹tson
  - MiniDict: tson^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tson
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: trjuwng

Rime
Character	忠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟弓切
Baxter	trjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ȶiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*truŋ/
English	loyal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忠
Reading #	1/1
No.	17408
Phonetic component	中
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	中
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ/

Definitions

忠

loyal; devoted; faithful
loyalty; devotion; fidelity

Compounds

一門忠烈／一门忠烈
不忠 (bùzhōng)
公忠 (gōngzhōng)
公忠體國／公忠体国
報國盡忠／报国尽忠
大奸似忠
大姦似忠／大奸似忠
大忠 (Dàzhōng)
孤忠
宅心忠厚
小忠小信
忠信 (zhōngxìn)
忠勇
忠厚 (zhōnghòu)
忠厚老實／忠厚老实
忠告
忠君報國／忠君报国
忠君愛國／忠君爱国 (zhōngjūn'àiguó)
忠孝 (zhōngxiào)
忠孝兩全／忠孝两全 (zhōngxiàoliǎngquán)
忠孝節烈／忠孝节烈
忠孝節義／忠孝节义
忠孝賢良／忠孝贤良
忠孝雙全／忠孝双全
忠實／忠实 (zhōngshí)
忠寮 (Zhōngliáo)
忠山 (Zhōngshān)
忠心 (zhōngxīn)
忠心耿耿 (zhōngxīngěnggěng)
忠心貫日／忠心贯日
忠心赤膽／忠心赤胆
忠忱 (zhōngchén)
忠恕 (zhōngshù)
忠悃
忠愨／忠悫
忠敬
忠於職守／忠于职守
忠果
忠款
忠正
忠烈 (zhōngliè)
忠直 (zhōngzhí)
忠節／忠节 (zhōngjié)
忠經／忠经
忠義／忠义 (zhōngyì)
忠義雙全／忠义双全
忠肝義膽／忠肝义胆 (zhōnggānyìdǎn)
忠臣 (zhōngchén)
忠臣孝子
忠臣烈士
忠臣義士／忠臣义士
忠良 (zhōngliáng)
忠藎／忠荩
忠言 (zhōngyán)
忠言嘉謨／忠言嘉谟
忠言奇謀／忠言奇谋
忠言讜論／忠言谠论
忠言逆耳 (zhōngyánnì'ěr)
忠誠／忠诚 (zhōngchéng)
忠諫／忠谏
忠貞／忠贞 (zhōngzhēn)
忠貞不渝／忠贞不渝 (zhōngzhēnbùyú)
忠貫白日／忠贯白日
忠賢／忠贤
忠路 (Zhōnglù, “Zhonglu”)
忠順／忠顺 (zhōngshùn)
忠魂
忠鯁／忠鲠
忠黨愛國／忠党爱国 (zhōngdǎng'àiguó)
愚忠 (yúzhōng)
攄忠報國／摅忠报国
效忠 (xiàozhōng)
朴忠
死忠 (sǐzhōng)
爛忠厚／烂忠厚
盡忠／尽忠 (jìnzhōng)
盡忠報國／尽忠报国
盡忠竭力／尽忠竭力
盡忠職守／尽忠职守 (jìnzhōngzhíshǒu)
移孝作忠
移孝為忠／移孝为忠
竭智盡忠／竭智尽忠
精忠 (Jīngzhōng)
精忠報國／精忠报国
精忠旗
精忠柏
至忠
褒忠鄉／褒忠乡
赤心忠膽／赤心忠胆
赤膽忠心／赤胆忠心
赤膽忠肝／赤胆忠肝
逆耳忠言
顯忠廟／显忠庙 (Xiǎnzhōngmiào)

References

“忠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

忠

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

loyalty

Readings

Go-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)^{←ちゆう (tyuu, historical)}
Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)^{←ちゆう (tyuu, historical)}
Kun: まごころ (magokoro, 忠)
Nanori: たた (tata, 忠); ただ (tada, 忠); ただし (tadashi, 忠); なお (nao, 忠); きよし (kiyoshi, 忠)

Compounds

Proper noun

忠(ただし) or 忠(たゞし) • (Tadashi)

a male given name

Korean

Hanja

忠 (eum 충 (chung))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

忠: Hán Nôm readings: trung, võ, vű

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.