| surname; vermilion | flame; inflammation; ‑itis | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (朱炎) | 朱 | 炎 | |
| simp. #(朱炎) | 朱 | 炎 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 朱 | 炎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 鹽 (154) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 章俱切 | 于廉切 |
| Baxter | tsyu | hjem |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕɨo/ | /ɦˠiᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕio/ | /ɦᵚiɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕio/ | /ɣiæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/cuə̆/ | /ɦjiam/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ɕio/ | /ɣjɛm/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ɕĭu/ | /ɣĭɛm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕi̯u/ | /i̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhū | yán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
zyu1 | jim4 |