楽しい

Japanese

Kanji in this term
楽
たの
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
樂しい (kyūjitai)

Etymology

⟨tano1siki1⟩ → */tanʷosikʲi/ → /tanoshii/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] No Ryukyuan cognates exist; as as result, further derivation unknown. Theories include:[2]

  • A compound of 手 (ta, “hand”, combining form) + 伸す (nosu, “to extend”)
    This is problematic, as nosu has first been attested starting from the early 900s, with no A/B distinction (see Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai for details).
  • From 田神 (tano, literally “rice paddy god”)
    No reading of 神 (*no, “god”) exists.
  • A borrowing from an unknown language
    No words resemble *tanV meaning "fun" or "to enjoy".

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "楽しい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 楽しく たの​しく
たのし​く
[tànóꜜshìkù]
[tànóshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 楽しい たのし​い [tànóshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 楽しい たのし​い [tànóshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 楽しくない たの​しくない
たのし​くない
[tànóꜜshìkùnàì]
[tànóshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 楽しかった たの​しかった
たのし​かった
[tànóꜜshìkàttà]
[tànóshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 楽しくなかった たの​しくなかった
たのし​くなかった
[tànóꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[tànóshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 楽しいです たのし​いです [tànóshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 楽しくて たの​しくて
たのし​くて
[tànóꜜshìkùtè]
[tànóshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional 楽しければ たの​しければ
たのし​ければ
[tànóꜜshìkèrèbà]
[tànóshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

楽(たの)しい • (tanoshii) -i (adverbial 楽(たの)しく (tanoshiku))

  1. pleasant, delightful, fun, enjoyable

Inflection

Synonyms

Antonyms

References

  1. “楽”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. 楽しい/たのしい - Gogen Yurai Jiten (in Japanese)
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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