砂

砂	U+7802, 砂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7802

← 码
[U+7801]

CJK Unified Ideographs

砃 →
[U+7803]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

砂 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口火竹 (MRFH), four-corner 1962₀, composition ⿰石少)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 827, character 20

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24046

Dae Jaweon: page 1242, character 3

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2420, character 4

Unihan data for U+7802

Chinese

simp. and trad.		砂
2nd round simp.		沙

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (沙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
硰	ʔsaːlʔ, sʰaːlʔ, *sraːl
娑	saːl, saːlʔ
挱	saːl, sraːl
挲	*saːl
桫	*saːl
渻	saːl, sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ
沙	sraːl, sraːls
紗	*sraːl
砂	*sraːl
鯊	*sraːl
裟	*sraːl
桬	*sraːl
髿	sraːl, soːl
魦	sraːl, soːl
莎	*soːl
莏	*soːl

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shā (sha¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saa¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sâ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): soa / see / se / sa

(Teochew, Peng'im): sua¹ / sa¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹so

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shā
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sha
  - Wade–Giles: sha¹
  - Yale: shā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
  - Palladius: ша (ša)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saa¹
  - Yale: sā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: sa´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sa¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sa²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soa
  - Tâi-lô: sua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soaf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sua³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: see
  - Tâi-lô: see
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se
  - Tâi-lô: se
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sef
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa
  - Tâi-lô: sa
  - Phofsit Daibuun: saf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sa³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sa⁴⁴/

Note:

soa/see/se - vernacular;
sa - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sua¹ / sa¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sua / sa
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sua³³/, /sa³³/

Note:

sua1 - vernacular;
sa1 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹so
  - MiniDict: so^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹so
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /so⁵³/

Middle Chinese: srae

Rime
Character	砂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所加切
Baxter	srae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨ/
Li Rong	/ʃa/
Wang Li	/ʃa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saa¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sraːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	砂
Reading #	1/1
No.	11027
Phonetic component	沙
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	鯊
Old Chinese	/*sraːl/
Notes	俗沙字

Definitions

砂

Alternative form of 沙 (“sand”)
Alternative form of 沙 (“extremely mushy and/or rough (as sand), texture of a watermelon of good quality”)
砂糖 ― shātáng ― granulated sugar

硒砂瓜 ― xīshāguā ― Selenium(-rich) Gourd
(Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 砂拉越 (Shālāyuè, “Sarawak”).

Compounds

丹砂 (dānshā)
丹砂井
守宮砂／守宫砂
抱砂鍋／抱砂锅
揚砂走石／扬砂走石
搏砂煉汞／搏砂炼汞
摶砂弄汞／抟砂弄汞
摶砂煉汞／抟砂炼汞
朱砂 (zhūshā)
朱砂符
毒砂
海砂屋
漆砂硯／漆砂砚
炊砂作飯／炊砂作饭
環砂／环砂 (Huánshā)
白砂
白砂糖 (báishātáng)
矽砂
砂丘
砂仁 (shārén)
砂囊
砂土 (shātǔ)
砂岩 (shāyán)
砂島／砂岛
砂布
砂模
砂漿／砂浆 (shājiāng)
砂煲
砂眼 (shāyǎn)
砂石 (shāshí)
砂石場／砂石场
砂石車／砂石车
砂磨
砂礫／砂砾 (shālì)
砂礫礦床／砂砾矿床
砂糖 (shātáng)
砂紙／砂纸 (shāzhǐ)
砂質／砂质
砂輪／砂轮 (shālún)
砂輪機／砂轮机
砂金 (shājīn)
砂鍋／砂锅 (shāguō)
硃砂／朱砂 (zhūshā)
硃砂痣／朱砂痣
硼砂 (péngshā)
磠砂／硵砂 (lǔshā)
磨砂玻璃
礦砂／矿砂
紫砂器
紫砂陶
縮砂蔤／缩砂蔤
翻砂
解玉砂
走石飛砂／走石飞砂
辰砂 (chénshā)
重砂
金剛砂／金刚砂 (jīngāngshā)
鋼砂／钢砂
鐵砂／铁砂
風吹砂／风吹砂
風成砂岩／风成砂岩
飛砂／飞砂 (fēishā)
飛砂揚礫／飞砂扬砾
飛砂走石／飞砂走石 (fēi shā zǒu shí)
飛砂轉石／飞砂转石

Japanese

Kanji

砂

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

sand

Readings

Go-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)^{←しや (sya, historical)}
Kan-on: さ (sa, Jōyō)
Kun: すな (suna, 砂, Jōyō); いさご (isago, 砂)

Compounds

砂(さ)金(きん) (sakin, “gold dust”)
砂(さ)漣(れん) (saren, “sand ripple”)
砂(さ)漏(ろう) (sarō, “hourglass”)
砂(じゃ)利(り) (jari, “gravel; child”), 砂(ざ)利(り) (zari, “gravel”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
砂
すな Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) すな [sùná] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [sɨᵝna̠]

Noun

砂(すな) • (suna)

sand

Derived terms

砂(すな)時(ど)計(けい) (sunadokei, “hourglass”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
砂
いさご Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いさご [ìságó] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [isa̠ɡo̞]

Noun

砂(いさご) • (isago)

sand

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

砂 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

砂: Hán Nôm readings: sa

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

Kanji

砂

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 砂 (suna).

Noun

砂(ちな) (china)

sand

Yoron

Kanji

砂

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 砂 (suna).

Noun

砂(しな) (shina)

sand

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN