| gift; propriety; rite | music; happy; laugh music; happy; laugh; cheerful | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (禮樂) | 禮 | 樂 | |
| simp. (礼乐) | 礼 | 乐 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 禮 | 樂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 江 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | II |
| Fanqie | 盧啓切 | 五角切 |
| Baxter | lejX | ngaewk |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/leiX/ | /ŋˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/leiX/ | /ŋᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/lɛiX/ | /ŋɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lɛjX/ | /ŋaɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/leiX/ | /ŋɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/lieiX/ | /ŋɔk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/lieiX/ | /ŋɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
lǐ | yuè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
lai5 | ngok6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 禮 | 樂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
lǐ | yuè |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ lejX › | ‹ ngæwk › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[r]ˁijʔ/ | /*[ŋ]ˁrawk/ |
| English | propriety, ceremony | music |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 禮 | 樂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| No. | 7839 | 7683 |
| Phonetic component |
豊 | 樂 |
| Rime group |
脂 | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
禮 | 嶽 |
| Old Chinese |
/*riːʔ/ | /*ŋraːwɢ/ |