箴

箴	U+7BB4, 箴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7BB4

← 箳
[U+7BB3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

箵 →
[U+7BB5]

Translingual

Han character

箴 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹戈竹口 (HIHR), four-corner 8825₃, composition ⿱𥫗咸)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 890, character 21

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26214

Dae Jaweon: page 1318, character 6

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2990, character 3

Unihan data for U+7BB4

Chinese

trad.		箴
simp. ^#		箴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
感	*kɯːmʔ
鱤	*kɯːmʔ
顑	kʰɯːmʔ, ŋɡrɯːms
轗	kʰɯːmʔ, kʰɯːms
撼	*ɡɯːmʔ
憾	*ɡɯːms
喊	qʰaːmʔ, qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘	*krɯːm
瑊	krɯːm, kjum
黬	krɯːm, ŋɡrɯːm
減	krɯːmʔ, ɡrɯːmʔ
羬	ŋɡrɯːm, ɡram
麙	*ŋɡrɯːm
咸	*ɡrɯːm
鹹	*ɡrɯːm
醎	*ɡrɯːm
諴	*ɡrɯːm
椷	*ɡrɯːm
輱	*ɡrɯːm
鍼	ɡam, ɡram, *kjɯm
箴	*kjɯm
葴	*kjɯm
鱵	*kjum

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjɯm) : semantic 𥫗 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm) – a bamboo needle, probe.

Etymology

Same word as 針 (OC *kjum). See there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhēn (zhen¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zam¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂m
Eastern Min (BUC): cĭng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chim / cherm / chom

(Teochew, Peng'im): zim¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹tsen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
  - Wade–Giles: chên¹
  - Yale: jēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
  - Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zam¹
  - Yale: jām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂m
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨm²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
  - Tâi-lô: tsim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cym
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cherm
  - Tâi-lô: tserm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡səm³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chom
  - Tâi-lô: tsom
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zofm
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔm⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zim¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsim
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sim³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹tsen
  - MiniDict: tsen^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən⁵³/

Middle Chinese: tsyim

Rime
Character	箴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職深切
Baxter	tsyim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕim/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cim/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəm/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[k]əm/

(Zhengzhang): /*kjɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	箴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyim ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[k]əm/
English	needle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	箴
Reading #	1/1
No.	13527
Phonetic component	咸
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	斟
Old Chinese	/*kjɯm/

Definitions

箴

to admonish; to warn
Alternative form of 針／针 (zhēn, “needle; probe”)

Compounds

官箴
箴尹
箴石
箴規／箴规
箴言 (zhēnyán)
箴諫／箴谏

Japanese

Kanji

箴

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: しん (shin)
Kan-on: しん (shin)
Kun: いましめる (imashimeru, 箴める); はり (hari, 箴)

Compounds

規(き)箴(しん) (kishin)
四(し)箴(しん) (shishin)
指(し)箴(しん) (shishin)
女(じょ)史(し)箴(しん)図(ず) (joshishinzu)
箴(しん)警(けい) (shinkei)
箴(しん)言(げん) (shingen, “proverb”), 箴(しん)言(げん) (Shingen, “Proverbs”)
箴(しん)砭(ぺん) (shinpen)

Korean

Hanja

箴 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

잠언 (箴言, jameon, “proverb”), 잠언 (箴言, Jameon, “Proverbs”)

Vietnamese

Han character

箴: Hán Nôm readings: châm, giăm, dăm, giằm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Nôm: châm, dăm, dằm, giăm, giằm

References

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999

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