侵

侵 U+4FB5, 侵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FB5
← 侴
[U+4FB4]
CJK Unified Ideographs 侶 →
[U+4FB6]

Translingual

Han character

侵 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人尸一水 (OSME), four-corner 27247, composition ⿰亻𠬶)

Derived characters

  • 𠸬, 寑, 葠, 䈜, 𩮕, 蘉, 𨃏, 𣷽, 𦺭, 𣋨, 𭁾, 𩤨, 𱆷

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 103, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 646
  • Dae Jaweon: page 218, character 30
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 166, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+4FB5

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 侵
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

According to Shuowen, an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 人 (“person”) + 帚 (“broom”) + 又 (“hand”) – a person with a broom in hand.

Etymology 1

trad. 侵
simp. # 侵
2nd round simp. ⿰亻彐
alternative forms 㑴
𢔀

Two Sino-Tibetan etymologies are possible:

  • Cognate with Tibetan སྟིམ་པ (stim pa, “to enter; to penetrate”), Tibetan ཐིམ་པ (thim pa, “to dissolve; to disappear; absorbed”), though the two terms agree just as well with 浸 (OC *ʔsims, *sʰim) (Schuessler, 2007), or
  • From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *syim (“sweep”) (STEDT); cognate with Anong śim (“to sweep”), Lhao Vo śam (“to sweep”), Burmese သိမ်း (sim:, “to gather in; to take possession of”). Note the graph 侵 shows a broom (帚) which may carry a semantic function (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 侵
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰin²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰin²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰin¹³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiẽ²¹³/
/t͡ɕʰiẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰiə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰin⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiẽ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰin¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰin³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sʰin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰin³³/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰin³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰin³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰim⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sim²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɐm⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰim⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡seiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰim⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sim²³/

Rime
Character 侵
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七林切
Baxter tshim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰim/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰjem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰim/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰiəm/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
cam1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 侵
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qīn
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshim ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ][i]m/
English invade

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 侵
Reading # 1/1
No. 10484
Phonetic
component
侵
Rime
group
侵
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
侵
Old
Chinese
/*sʰim/
Notes 甲金文象持帚驅策牛豕以至人,
穀樑傳隱五年
:苞人民毆牛馬曰侵

Definitions

侵

  1. (literary) to gradually go in
  2. to invade; to encroach
    侵略  ―  qīnlüè  ―  to invade
  3. approaching
    侵晨  ―  qīnchén  ―  the approach of daybreak
  4. a surname

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad. 侵
simp. # 侵
alternative forms 摻/掺

Pronunciation


Definitions

侵 (Cantonese)

  1. to add in (water or other fluid)
  2. to allow (somebody) to join
    佢哋唔侵我玩。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    keoi5 dei6 m4 cam1 ngo5 waan4-2. [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Japanese

Shinjitai 侵
Kyūjitai
[1]

侵󠄁
侵+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
侵󠄃
侵+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

侵

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to invade
  2. to raid
  3. to encroach, to trespass
  4. to violate

Readings

References

  1. “侵”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024

Korean

Hanja

侵 (eum 침 (chim))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

侵: Hán Nôm readings: xâm, xăm, xơm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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