菡

菡	U+83E1, 菡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83E1

← 菠
[U+83E0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

菢 →
[U+83E2]

Translingual

Han character

菡 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿山弓水 (TUNE), four-corner 4477₂, composition ⿱艹函)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1038, character 22

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31193

Dae Jaweon: page 1496, character 24

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3242, character 7

Unihan data for U+83E1

Chinese

trad.		菡
simp. ^#		菡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 菡
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (函) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蜬	kuːm, ɡuːm
函	ɡuːm, ɡruːm
涵	ɡuːm, ɡuːmʔ
顄	ɡuːm, ɡuːmʔ
圅	*ɡuːm
菡	*ɡuːmʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːmʔ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 函 (OC *ɡuːm, *ɡruːm).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁵, aam²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
  - Wade–Giles: han⁴
  - Yale: hàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haam⁵, aam²
  - Yale: háahm, áam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁵, aam²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ham⁵, am²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm¹³/, /aːm³⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Middle Chinese: homX

Rime
Character	菡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡感切
Baxter	homX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʌm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɒm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəm^X/
Li Rong	/ɣᴀm^X/
Wang Li	/ɣɒm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菡
Reading #	1/1
No.	4866
Phonetic component	函
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	頷
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːmʔ/

Definitions

菡

Only used in 菡萏 (hàndàn, “lotus flower”).

References

“菡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Korean

Hanja

菡 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)

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Vietnamese

Han character

菡: Hán Nôm readings: hạm, hăm, hằm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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