酥

酥	U+9165, 酥 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9165

← 酤
[U+9164]

CJK Unified Ideographs

酦 →
[U+9166]

Translingual

Han character

酥 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一田竹木 (MWHD), four-corner 1269₄, composition ⿰酉禾)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1282, character 11

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39835

Dae Jaweon: page 1782, character 11

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3579, character 1

Unihan data for U+9165

Chinese

trad.		酥
simp. ^#		酥
alternative forms		𦢦 ^‡ 𨣺 ^‡ 𨢭 ^‡ 𦣑 ^{^‡s}

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaː) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + abbreviated phonetic 穌 (OC *sŋaː).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): sū (su¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): su¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sou¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu¹
Gan (Wiktionary): su¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sû

(Meixian, Guangdong): si¹
Jin (Wiktionary): su¹
Northern Min (KCR): sú
Eastern Min (BUC): sŭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): so͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): sou¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹su
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sou¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sū
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: su
  - Wade–Giles: su¹
  - Yale: sū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: su
  - Palladius: су (su)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: su¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: su
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sou¹
  - Yale: sōu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sou¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sou̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬu³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: su¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sû
  - Hakka Romanization System: su´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: su¹
  - Sinological IPA: /su²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: si¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: su¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /su¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: so͘
  - Tâi-lô: soo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sof
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɔ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sou¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sou³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹su
  - MiniDict: su^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹su
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /su⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: sou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /səu̯³³/

Middle Chinese: su

Rime
Character	酥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	素姑切
Baxter	su
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suo/
Pan Wuyun	/suo/
Shao Rongfen	/so/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɔ/
Li Rong	/so/
Wang Li	/su/
Bernard Karlgren	/suo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sou¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sŋaː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	酥
Reading #	1/1
No.	12094
Phonetic component	酥
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蘇
Old Chinese	/*sŋaː/
Notes	穌省聲

Definitions

酥

(archaic) butter
^† alcohol
flaky pastry; shortbread
鳳梨酥／凤梨酥 ― fènglísū ― pineapple cake
crispy; flaky
weak; limp
alt. forms: 䜹 obsolete
soft; satiny

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 脆 (“crispy”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		脆
Mandarin	Taiwan	脆
	Yantai (Muping)	脆
	Jinan	脆, 酥
	Luoyang	脆, 酥
	Wanrong	脆, 酥
	Xi'an	脆, 酥
	Yinchuan	脆
	Nanjing	酥
	Singapore	脆
Cantonese	Guangzhou	脆, 酥, 爽, 爽脆
	Hong Kong	脆, 酥, 爽, 爽脆
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	脆
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	脆
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	脆
	Dongguan	爽
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	脆
Gan	Nanchang	脆, 酥
Gan	Pingxiang	酥
Hakka	Meixian	脆
	Hong Kong	酥
	Senai (Huiyang)	鬆, 酥
Huizhou	Jixi	酥
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	酥, 脆
Southern Min	Xiamen	酥
	Quanzhou	酥
	Zhangzhou	酥
	Taipei	酥 GT
	Singapore (Hokkien)	酥
	Manila (Hokkien)	脆, 酥
	Chaozhou	酥
	Shantou	酥, 脆
	Jieyang	酥
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	酥
	Haikou	酥
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	脆
Wu	Shanghai	脆
	Shanghai (Chongming)	脆
	Suzhou	脆
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

凝酥
叉燒酥／叉烧酥 (chāshāosū)
合桃酥
團酥／团酥
土酥
大辣酥
寒酥
屠酥
打剌酥
打辣酥
排骨酥
撇酥兒／撇酥儿
方塊酥／方块酥
暖酥
桃酥 (táosū)
棗泥酥／枣泥酥
油蔥酥／油葱酥
油酥 (yóusū)
流酥
清酥
滴粉搓酥
滴酥
牛脷酥
牛酥
王梨酥
玉酥
瓊酥／琼酥
癢酥酥／痒酥酥
皮蛋酥
破酥包
粉頸酥胸／粉颈酥胸
紅酥／红酥
肉酥 (ròusū)
芋頭酥／芋头酥
蛋黃酥／蛋黄酥
蟾酥 (chánsū)
軟酥酥／软酥酥
辣酥酥
酥乳
酥倒
酥僉／酥佥
酥懈
酥油 (sūyóu)
酥油茶 (sūyóuchá)
酥油草
酥湯／酥汤
酥潤／酥润
酥燈／酥灯
酥燒／酥烧
酥皮 (sūpí)
酥簽／酥签
酥糖
酥脆 (sūcuì)
酥胸 (sūxiōng)
酥腰
酥花
酥蜜
酥融
酥軟／酥软 (sūruǎn)
酥酒
酥酡
酡酥
酥酪
酥醪
酥雨
酥餅／酥饼 (sūbǐng)
酥鬆／酥松
酥麻
酪酥
酴酥
鑽冰求酥／钻冰求酥
靈酥／灵酥
香酥
駝酥／驼酥
骨軟筋酥／骨软筋酥
骨軟肉酥／骨软肉酥
魚酥／鱼酥
鳳梨酥／凤梨酥 (fènglísū)
鵝黃酥／鹅黄酥
鹹酥／咸酥
鹹酥雞／咸酥鸡
鹽酥／盐酥
鹽酥雞／盐酥鸡
麻酥糖
麻酥酥
點酥／点酥
點酥娘／点酥娘

References

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “酥” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
“Entry #9161”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
“酥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

酥

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

milk

Readings

Go-on: す (su)

Kan-on: そ (so)

Kun: ちちざけ (chichizake)

Korean

Hanja

酥 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)

Vietnamese

Han character

酥: Hán Nôm readings: tô

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