省

省 U+7701, 省
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7701
← 眀
[U+7700]
CJK Unified Ideographs 眂 →
[U+7702]
省 U+F96D, 省
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96D
← 塞
[U+F96C]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 葉 →
[U+F96E]

Translingual

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

省 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 火竹月山 (FHBU), four-corner 90602, composition ⿱少目)

Derived characters

References

Chinese

simp. and trad.
省
alternative forms
 
𥅱
𥄾
眚
䁞
𡮀
𥅱
𥄾
眚
䁞
𡮀
𡨽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 省
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Originally 眚. In oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sreŋʔ, *sleŋʔ) : phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “sprout”) + 目 (“eye”) – "to inspect plants". In Shuowen Jiezi, 眚 and 省 became separate characters. 生 corrupted over time into 少.

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • sén - “province”;
  • sáng - “to save”.

Rime
Character 省
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 所景切
Baxter srjaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʃˠiæŋX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʃᵚiaŋX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʃiaŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʂiajŋX/
Li
Rong
/ʃiɐŋX/
Wang
Li
/ʃĭɐŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʂi̯ɐŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shěng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sang2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 省
Reading # 1/2
No. 11384
Phonetic
component
省
Rime
group
耕
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
省
Old
Chinese
/*sreŋʔ/
Notes 甲金文生省聲

Definitions

省

  1. to omit; to leave out
  2. to reduce, to simplify
  3. (colloquial, by extension) to have less strange, potentially genius but generally lousy ideas for the sake of others to save worry
    你還是省省吧。 [MSC, trad.]
    你还是省省吧。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ háishì shěng shěng ba. [Pinyin]
    You'd better give it up.
  4. to save, to economize
    省電/省电  ―  shěngdiàn  ―  to conserve electricity
    省錢/省钱  ―  shěngqián  ―  to save money
  5. † palace
  6. ⁜ (historical, by extension) department (of a government)
    中書省/中书省  ―  Zhōngshūshěng  ―  the Central Secretariat
    1. ministry of the Japanese government
      文部科學省/文部科学省  ―  wénbù kēxué xǐng  ―  Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
  7. province; (originally) Short for 行省 (xíngshěng). (Classifier: 個/个)
    福建省  ―  Fújiàn Shěng  ―  Fujian Province
  8. (chiefly Guangdong) Short for 省城 (shěngchéng, “Guangzhou”).
    省港澳  ―  Shěng-Gǎng-Ào  ―  Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macau
  9. a surname
Synonyms
Usage notes
  • Historically used as a suffix for many foreign major administrative divisions (states of the US, etc.), such usage is now generally obsolete (outside of fossilized instances like 麻省 (“Massachusetts”)) and replaced with 州 (zhōu, “state”).

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (省):
  • → Japanese: 省(しょう) (shō)
  • → Korean: 성(省) (seong)
  • → Vietnamese: tỉnh (省)

Others:

See also

  • 縣/县 (xiàn, “Japanese prefecture”)
  • 州 (zhōu, “state”)

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character 省
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息井切
Baxter sjengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/siᴇŋX/
Pan
Wuyun
/siɛŋX/
Shao
Rongfen
/siæŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/siajŋX/
Li
Rong
/siɛŋX/
Wang
Li
/sĭɛŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/si̯ɛŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sing2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 省
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xǐng
Middle
Chinese
‹ sjengX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s]eŋʔ/
English inspect

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 省
Reading # 2/2
No. 11386
Phonetic
component
省
Rime
group
耕
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
省
Old
Chinese
/*sleŋʔ/

Definitions

省

  1. to examine; to inspect
  2. to greet; to visit
  3. to understand; to comprehend

Compounds

  • 三省
  • 不省
  • 不省事
  • 不省人事 (bùxǐngrénshì)
  • 不省得
  • 不記省/不记省
  • 人事不省
  • 修省
  • 內省/内省
  • 內省不疚/内省不疚
  • 反省 (fǎnxǐng)
  • 反躬自省 (fǎngōngzìxǐng)
  • 存省
  • 定省
  • 思省
  • 提省
  • 日省月試/日省月试
  • 日省月課/日省月课
  • 昏定晨省
  • 晨參暮省/晨参暮省
  • 晨昏定省
  • 未省
  • 歸省/归省
  • 深省 (shēnxǐng)
  • 猛省 (měngxǐng)
  • 發人深省/发人深省 (fārénshēnxǐng)
  • 省事
  • 省俗觀風/省俗观风
  • 省問/省问
  • 省墓 (xǐngmù)
  • 省察 (xǐngchá)
  • 省得 (shěngde)
  • 省思 (xǐngsī)
  • 省悟 (xǐngwù)
  • 省戒
  • 省方觀俗/省方观俗
  • 省方觀民/省方观民
  • 省視/省视 (xǐngshì)
  • 省見/省见
  • 省親/省亲 (xǐngqīn)
  • 省記/省记
  • 省諭/省谕
  • 省識/省识
  • 省風/省风
  • 臨危自省/临危自省
  • 自我反省 (zìwǒ fǎnxǐng)
  • 自省 (zìxǐng)
  • 觀省/观省
  • 記省/记省
  • 豁然省悟
  • 責躬省過/责躬省过
  • 返躬內省/返躬内省
  • 退省 (tuìxǐng)

References

Japanese

Kanji

省

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. government ministry
  2. Chinese province

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
省
しょう
Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 省 (MC srjaengX|sjengX).

Pronunciation

Noun

省(しょう) • (shō) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. ministry, government department, office
    法務省(ほうむしょう)
    hōmu shō
    Ministry of Justice
  2. Chinese province
    広東省(カントンしょう)
    kanton shō
    Guangdong Province

Prefix

省(しょう) • (shō-) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. -saving, conservation
    省(しょう)エネルギー ― shōenerugī ― energy conservation, energy efficiency
    省(しょう)時(じ)間(かん) ― shōjikan ― time conservation, time efficiency

Suffix

省(しょう) • (-shō) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. ministry

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 省 (MC sjengX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448Recorded as Middle Korean 셔ᇰ〯 (Yale: syěng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527ᄉᆞᆯ필 셩Recorded as Middle Korean 셩 (syeng) (Yale: syeng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
TextFinal (韻)Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751ᄉᆞᆯ필 셩Recorded as Early Modern Korean 셩 (Yale: syeng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 省 (eumhun 살필 성 (salpil seong))

  1. Hanja form? of 성 (“to examine; to inspect”).
  2. Hanja form? of 성 (“Chinese province”).
  3. Hanja form? of 성 (“ministry; department”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 省 (MC srjaengX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᇰ〯 (Yale: sǒyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527조릴 ᄉᆡᆼRecorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᆼ (soyng) (Yale: soyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
TextFinal (韻)Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751덜 ᄉᆡᆼRecorded as Early Modern Korean ᄉᆡᆼ (Yale: soyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

Hanja

省 (eumhun 덜 생 (deol saeng))

  1. Hanja form? of 생 (“to reduce; to omit”).
  2. Hanja form? of 생 (“saving; conservation”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

省: Hán Nôm readings: tỉnh, xển, xỉnh, xĩnh, tểnh, tễnh

  1. chữ Hán form of tỉnh (“province; prefecture”).
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