閏

See also: 闰 and 閠
閏 U+958F, 閏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-958F
← 閎
[U+958E]
CJK Unified Ideographs 閐 →
[U+9590]

Translingual

Han character

閏 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓一土 (ANMG), four-corner 77104, composition ⿵門王)

  1. intercalary
  2. extra, surplus

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1331, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41244
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1837, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4285, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+958F

Chinese

trad. 閏
simp. 闰
alternative forms 閠
䦞
𥹿

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 門 (“gate”) + 王 (“king”). The meaning “intercalary” is derived from kings' ancient practice of remaining within the palace gates on a leap day (which was in excess of the lunar calendar's 364 days, whence the meanings “remainder” and “surplus”), not engaging in their usual governing functions.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 閏
Mandarin Beijing /ʐuən⁵¹/
Harbin /ʐən⁵³/
Tianjin /yn⁵³/
/ʐuən⁵³/
Jinan /yẽ²¹/
Qingdao /yə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /yn³¹²/
Xi'an /vẽ⁴⁴/
Xining /uə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʐuŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /və̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐuŋ²¹³/
/vɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /yn³⁵/
Chengdu /zuən¹³/
Guiyang /zuen²¹³/
Kunming /ʐuə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ʐun⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /zuəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /zuŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /ʐũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
/zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦyən³¹/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷen¹³/
Wenzhou /joŋ²²/
Hui Shexian /yʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /yan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /yn¹¹/
Xiangtan /yn²¹/
Gan Nanchang /lɨn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /iun⁵³/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jøn²²/
Nanning /yn²²/
/jɐn²²/
Hong Kong /jøn²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lun²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nouŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /nœyŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /zuŋ³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zun²³/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 閏
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
rùn
Middle
Chinese
‹ nywinH ›
Old
Chinese
/*nu[n]-s/
English intercalary month

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 閏
Reading # 1/1
No. 10927
Phonetic
component
閏
Rime
group
文
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
閠
Old
Chinese
/*njuns/

Definitions

閏

  1. intercalary; leap
    閏年/闰年  ―  rùnnián  ―  leap year
  2. (literary) surplus; remainder
  3. (literary) deputy; illegitimate; usurped

Compounds

  • 偏閏/偏闰
  • 再閏/再闰
  • 厄閏/厄闰
  • 正閏/正闰
  • 沒閏/没闰
  • 秋閏/秋闰
  • 積閏/积闰
  • 置閏/置闰 (zhìrùn)
  • 閏位/闰位
  • 閏分/闰分
  • 閏宮/闰宫
  • 閏察/闰察
  • 閏年/闰年 (rùnnián)
  • 閏徵/闰征
  • 閏日/闰日 (rùnrì)
  • 閏月/闰月 (rùnyuè)
  • 閏朝/闰朝
  • 閏法/闰法
  • 閏益/闰益
  • 閏盤/闰盘 (rùnpán)
  • 閏秒/闰秒 (rùnmiǎo)
  • 閏秋/闰秋
  • 閏統/闰统
  • 閏繼/闰继
  • 閏變/闰变
  • 閏運/闰运
  • 閏陞/闰升
  • 閏集/闰集
  • 閏雙/闰双
  • 閏音/闰音
  • 閏餘/闰余
  • 霸閏之朝/霸闰之朝
  • 餘分閏位/余分闰位
  • 餘分閏氣/余分闰气
  • 餘閏/余闰
  • 黃楊厄閏/黄杨厄闰
  • 鼃音閏位/鼃音闰位

Japanese

Kanji

閏

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. intercalary
  2. heresy

Readings

Compounds

  • 閏年 (うるうどし, urū-doshi)
  • 輝閏
  • 清水閏
  • 正閏
  • 平閏
  • 沃閏
  • 閏井
  • 閏一
  • 閏賀
  • 閏賀橋
  • 閏間
  • 閏系
  • 閏刑
  • 閏月
  • 閏戸
  • 閏子
  • 閏住
  • 閏田
  • 閏統
  • 閏二
  • 閏日
  • 閏秒
  • 閏夫
  • 閏米
  • 置閏法
  • 閏木
  • 閏野
  • 閏余

Noun

閏(うるう) • (urū) 

  1. intercalary, leap
    閏(うるう)日(び)
    urūbi
    intercalary day
    閏(うるう)年(どし)
    urūdoshi
    leap year
    閏(うるう)八月(はちがつ)
    urūhachigatsu
    intercalary eighth month in the lunisolar calendar

Korean

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 閏 (MC *nywinH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ju(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [윤(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 閏 (eumhun 윤달 윤 (yundal yun))

  1. Hanja form? of 윤 (“intercalary”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

閏: Hán Nôm readings: nhuận, nhộn, nhuần, nhún

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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