魂

魂 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+4, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一戈竹戈 (MIHI), four-corner 1671₃, composition ⿰云鬼)

• 𡂃, 𱴹, 𡄬

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1461, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45787
• Dae Jaweon: page 1994, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4428, character 9
• Unihan data for U+9B42

Historical forms of the character 魂
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuːn) : phonetic 云 (OC *ɢun) + semantic 鬼.

Cognate with 雲 (OC *ɢun, “cloud”) (Carr, 1985).

魂

1. (religion, folklore) the hun, the soul which goes to heaven, as opposed to the 魄 (pò), which goes down to the earth with the body at death.
2. soul; spirit
3. mood
4. the lofty spirit of a nation or people

• 魄 (pò)
• 靈／灵 (líng)
• 幽靈／幽灵 (yōulíng)
• 鬼 (guǐ)

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. soul, spirit
2. vigour, willpower

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
• Kun: たま (tama, 魂); たましい (tamashii, 魂, Jōyō)^{←たましひ (tamasifi, 魂, historical)}
• Nanori: こころ (kokoro); もと (moto)

⟨tamasipi₁⟩ → */tamasipʲi/ → /tamaɕifi/ → /tamaɕiwi/ → /tamaɕiː/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tamasipi.

Compound of 魂 (tama, “soul, spirit”, see below) and an uncertain shii, possibly 強ひ (shihi → shii), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 強ふ (shifu → shiu), modern 強いる (shiiru, “to force, compel”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• (Tokyo) た​ましい [táꜜmàshìì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ta̠ma̠ɕiː]

魂(たましい) • (tamashī) ^{←たましひ (tamasifi)?}

1. (religion, folklore) a soul, spirit

   Synonyms: アニマ (anima), ゼーレ (zēre), ソウル (sōru), 霊魂 (reikon)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 15, poem 3767:
     , text here

     多麻之比(たましひ)波(は)安之多由布敝尓(あしたゆふへに)多麻布礼杼(たまふれど)安我牟祢伊多之(あがむねいたし)古非能之氣吉尓(こひのしげきに) [Man'yōgana]

     魂(たましひ)は朝(あした)夕(ゆふべ)にたまふれど我(あ)が胸(むね)痛(いた)し恋(こひ)の繁(しげ)きに [Modern spelling]

     tamashī wa ashita-yūbe ni tamafuredo aga mune itashi koi no shigeki ni

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. mind, spirit, vigour, willpower

   Synonyms: ガイスト (gaisuto), 気力 (kiryoku), 心 (kokoro), 心魂 (kokorodama), 精神 (seishin)

3. (figurative) spirit (manner or style of something, enthusiasm)
4. (figurative, by extension) attitude, readiness

   Synonym: 気構え (kigamae)

5. discretion, judgement, prudence

   Synonyms: 才略 (sairyaku), 思慮 (shiryo), 分別 (funbetsu)

6. character, genius, talent, wisdom

   Synonyms: 素質 (soshitsu), 天分 (tenbun), 才気 (saiki)

7. (from a warrior's "spirit") a katana (single-edged Japanese sword)

   Synonym: 刀 (katana)

• 一(いっ)寸(すん)の虫(むし)にも五(ご)分(ぶ)の魂(たましい) (issun no mushi ni mo gobu no tamashī)
• 仏(ほとけ)作(つく)って魂(たましい)入(い)れず (hotoke tsukutte tamashī irezu)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tama.

Thought to be cognate with 玉 (tama, “jewel”).[1]

• (Tokyo) た​ま [táꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ta̠ma̠]

魂(たま) • (tama) ^{←たま (tama)?}

1. a soul, spirit
   • 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 10, poem 448)

     空蟬(うつせみ)のからは木(き)ごとにとどむれどたまのゆくへを見(み)ぬぞかなしき

     utsusemi no kara-wa-ki-goto ni todomuredo tama no yukue o minu zo kanashiki

     (please add an English translation of this example)

   Synonym: 霊魂 (reikon)

From Middle Chinese 魂 (MC hwon).

Compare modern Mandarin 魂 (hún)

• (Tokyo) こ​ん [kóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [kõ̞ɴ]

魂(こん) • (kon) 

1. mind, spirit, will

   Synonyms: 心 (kokoro), 精神 (seishin)

2. a soul, spirit

   Synonym: 霊魂 (reikon)

3. hun: yang energy or spirit

   Antonym: 魄 (haku)

   Hypernym: 魂魄 (konpaku)

• 和(わ)魂(こん) (wakon)

From 心 (kokoro, “heart, mind, spirit”).

魂(こころ) • (Kokoro) 

1. a female given name

From Middle Chinese 魂 (MC hwon).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɸʷo̞n]
• Phonetic hangul: [혼]

Wikisource 魂 (eumhun 넋 혼 (neok hon))

1. Hanja form^? of 혼 (“soul; spirit”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

• Kun: たまし (tamashi, 魂); たましー (tamashī, 魂)

魂(たまし) (tamashi) 

1. soul, spirit, mind

魂(たましー) (tamashī) 

1. (religion) soul of the dead

   Antonym: まぶい

• “タマシ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
• “タマシー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

魂: Hán Nôm readings: hồn, hun, hùn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

魂

• Kun: たまち (tamachi, 魂)

Cognate with Japanese 魂 (tamashī)

魂 (hiragana たまち, rōmaji tamachi)

1. (religion) soul; spirit

• “たまち【魂】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.