있다

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Korean 잇다 (ista), from Old Korean 有叱 (*Is-). Related to the past tense marker 었 (-eot). Cognate with Jeju 잇다 (itda), 이시다 (isida), 싯다 (sitda).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [it̚t͈a̠]
    • (file)
  • Phonetic hangul: [읻따]
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?itda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?issda
McCune–Reischauer?itta
Yale Romanization?issta

Verb

있다 • (itda) (infinitive 있어, sequential 있으니)

  1. to stay, remain in a location
    어디 가지 말고, 여기 있어라! ― Eodi gaji malgo, yeogi isseora! ― Don't go anywhere and stay here!
    할머니께서는 시장 다녀오실 테니 집에 있으라고 하셨어.
    Halmeoni-kkeseoneun sijang danyeoosil teni jib-e isseurago hasyeosseo.
    Grandmother said to stay at home because she's going to go to the market.
    1. to keep working for a company
      저는 이 회사에 있은 지 벌써 이십삼 년이 돼 버렸어요.
      Jeo-neun i hoesa-e isseun ji beolsseo isipsam nyeon-i dwae beoryeosseoyo.
      I've been working at this company for 23 years already.
    2. (used with an adverb) to stay in a certain state
      가만히 있다 ― gamanhi itda ― to stay still and quiet
  2. for time to pass
    이제 가도 돼요?
    아니요, 좀 있다가 오세요.
    Ije gado dwaeyo?
    Aniyo, jom itdaga oseyo.
    Should I come now?
    No, come in a little bit.
    (literally, “Is it okay for me to go now?
    No, (let) some time go by and then come.    ”)
  3. (auxiliary, after the 어/아 (-eo/a) infinitive) to be (in a state)
    죽어 있다 ― jugeo itda ― to be dead
    모여 있다 ― moyeo itda ― to be gathered together
  4. (auxiliary, after the 고 (-go) connective) to be in the process of
    죽고 있다 ― jukgo itda ― to be dying
    모이고 있다 ― moigo itda ― to be gathering together
  5. (auxiliary, after the 고 (-go) connective) to maintain in the result of
    오늘은 아주 예쁜 옷을 입고 있네요! ― Oneur-eun aju yeppeun oseul ipgo inneyo! ― You're wearing really pretty clothes today!
    아침에 좀 이상한 구두를 신고 있는 걸 보니 좋은 구두는 잃어버렸나 보구나.
    Achim-e jom isanghan gudu-reul sin'go inneun geol boni jo'eun gudu-neun ireobeoryeonna boguna.
    In the morning I saw them wearing weird dress shoes, so they must've lost their good ones.

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 있다 (itda): consonant-stem, regular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 있는다
inneunda		 있어
isseo		 있어요
isseoyo		 있습니다
itseumnida
Past 있었다
isseotda		 있었어
isseosseo		 있었어요
isseosseoyo		 있었습니다
isseotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 있느냐
inneunya		 있어
isseo		 있어요
isseoyo		 있습니까
itseumnikka
Past 있었느냐
isseonneunya		 있었어
isseosseo		 있었어요
isseosseoyo		 있었습니까
isseotseumnikka
Hortative 있자
itja		있어
isseo		있어요
isseoyo		있으십시다
isseusipsida
Imperative 있어라
isseora		있어
isseo		있어요
isseoyo		있읍시오
isseupsio
Assertive 있겠다
itgetda		있겠어
itgesseo		있겠어요
itgesseoyo		있겠습니다
itgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 있어
isseo		있어서
isseoseo		있으니
isseuni		있으니까
isseunikka
Contrast 있지만
itjiman		있는데
inneunde		있더니
itdeoni
Conjunction 있고
itgo
Condition 있으면
isseumyeon		있어야
isseoya
Motive 있으려고
isseuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 있음
isseum		있기
itgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 있었음
isseosseum		있었기
isseotgi
Determiners Past 있은
isseun
Present 있는
inneun
Future 있을
isseul

(to be in a place, to exist): 계시다 (gyesida)
(to be in a state): 계시다 (gyesida)
(to have): 있으시다 (isseusida)

Derived terms
  • 가만있다 (gamanitda, “to keep quiet, remain still”)
  • (prison slang) 실여있다 (siryeoitda, “to wait”)
  • (North Korea, euphemistic) 앉아있다 (anjaitda, “for an older person to be alive”)

Adjective

있다 • (itda) (infinitive 있어, sequential 있으니)

  1. to be (in a place); to exist
    Antonym: 없다 (eopda)
    뉴욕은 미국에 있다.
    Nyuyog-eun Migug-e itda.
    New York is in the United States.
    물속에 물고기가 있다.
    Mulsog-e mulgogi-ga itda.
    There are fish in the water.
    1. (by extension) to have
      Antonym: 없다 (eopda)
      그녀는 남자친구가 있다.
      Geunyeo-neun namjachin'gu-ga itda.
      She has a boyfriend.
      저는 집도 있고 차도 있어요.
      Jeo-neun jip-do itgo cha-do isseoyo.
      I have a house and a car.

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 있다 (itda): consonant-stem, 있/없(it/eop)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 있다
itda		 있어
isseo		 있어요
isseoyo		 있습니다
itseumnida
Past 있었다
isseotda		 있었어
isseosseo		 있었어요
isseosseoyo		 있었습니다
isseotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 있느냐
inneunya		 있어
isseo		 있어요
isseoyo		 있습니까
itseumnikka
Past 있었느냐
isseonneunya		 있었어
isseosseo		 있었어요
isseosseoyo		 있었습니까
isseotseumnikka
Assertive 있겠다
itgetda		있겠어
itgesseo		있겠어요
itgesseoyo		있겠습니다
itgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 있어
isseo		있어서
isseoseo		있으니
isseuni		있으니까
isseunikka
Contrast 있지만
itjiman		있는데
inneunde		있더니
itdeoni
Conjunction 있고
itgo
Condition 있으면
isseumyeon		있어야
isseoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 있음
isseum		있기
itgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 있었음
isseosseum		있었기
isseotgi
Determiners Present 있는
inneun
Future 있을
isseul

(to be in a place, to exist): 계시다 (gyesida)

(to have): 있으시다 (isseusida)

Derived terms
  • 값있다 (gapsitda, “to be valuable, worthy”)
  • 관계있다 (gwan'gyeitda, “to be related”)
  • 다기있다 (dagiitda, “to be stubborn”)
  • 뜻있다 (tteusitda, “to be ambitious, to have meaning”)
  • 맛있다 (masitda, “to be delicious”)
  • 멋있다 (meositda, “to be cool, stylish”)
  • 빛있다 (bichitda, “to be pretty, beautiful”)
  • 상관있다 (sanggwanitda, “to be interrelated”)
  • 재미있다 (jaemiitda, “to be amusing, interesting, entertaining”)
  • 지멸있다 (jimyeoritda, “to be patient; to be straightforward”)

See also
  • 이다 (ida, “to equal (copula)”)
  • 아니다 (anida, “not to equal (negative copula)”)
  • 계시다 (gyesida, “to stay”) honorific form of 있다

References
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