-е

Belarusian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje. Compare Polish -ie, -e, Russian -ье (-ʹje), -ие (-ije), -ьё (-ʹjó), Ukrainian -я (-ja), -а (-a).

Pronunciation

  • (after ' or ў) IPA(key): [je]
  • (after ш, ч, ж) -а: IPA(key): [a]
  • (after other consonants) IPA(key): [ʲe]

Suffix

-е • (-je)

  1. Abstract noun suffix; forms part of larger suffixes such as -э́нне (-énnje) or -а́нне (-ánnje), and exists on its own especially as a suffix added to compound words.
    ‎без- (bjez-, “without”) + ‎люд (ljud, “people”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎бязлю́ддзе (bjazljúddzje, “absence of people”)
    ‎но́вы (nóvy, “new”) + ‎-а- (-a-) + ‎сялі́ць (sjalícʹ, “to settle”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎навасе́лле (navasjéllje, “housewarming”)
    ‎над- (nad-, “above”) + ‎хма́ра (xmára, “cloud”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎надхма́р'е (nadxmárʺje, “area above the clouds; (poetic) skies, heavens”)
    ‎па- (pa-, “across, along”) + ‎грані́ца (hraníca, “border”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎паграні́чча (pahraníčča, “region along the border”)
    ‎за- (za-) + ‎ці́хі (cíxi, “quiet, still”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎заці́шша (zacíšša, “lull, calm”)
    ‎без- (bjez-, “without”) + ‎даро́га (daróha, “path”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža, “impassibility”)
  2. Suffix used to create names of locations in conjunction with prefixes.
    ‎за- (za-) + ‎Каўка́з (Kaŭkáz, “Caucasus”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎Закаўка́ззе (Zakaŭkázzje, “Transcaucasia”)
    ‎пры- (pry-) + ‎Днестр (Dnjestr, “Dniester”) + ‎-о́вы (-óvy) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎Прыднястро́ўе (Prydnjastróŭje, “Transnistria”)

Usage notes

  • When appended onto a stem ending in a velar consonant, the Slavic first palatalization applies, upon which the suffix becomes -а (-a), as in бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža).
  • Otherwise, when appended onto a stem ending in a single palatalizable consonant, that consonant is usually geminated and reflected as such in spelling. The exception is в which becomes ў, e.g. пры- (pry-) + сло́ва (slóva) + -е (-je) → прысло́ўе (pryslóŭje) rather than *прысло́вве (*pryslóvvje).
  • When appended onto a stem ending in р, the suffix generally becomes -'е (-ʺje), as in надхма́р'е (nadxmárʺje), although -а (-a) is also possible; see паве́тра (pavjétra).
  • Syllable stress is usually drawn onto the syllable before the suffix.

Derived terms

Belarusian terms suffixed with -е

Chuvash

Suffix

-е • (-e)

  1. Variant of -а (-a) after front vowels

Macedonian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɛ]

Suffix

-е • (-e) n

  1. Appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually to form a diminutive or as an expression of endearment.
    ‎прст m (prst) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎прсте n (prste)
    ‎еж m (ež) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎еже n (eže)
    ‎нос m (nos) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎носе n (nose)
    ‎кукла f (kukla) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎кукле n (kukle)
    ‎мома f (moma) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎моме n (mome)
    ‎книга f (kniga) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎книже n (kniže)

Derived terms

Macedonian terms suffixed with -е

Mongolian

Pronunciation

Suffix

-е • (-e)

  1. front vowel harmonic form of -я (-ja)

Russian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʲe]

Suffix

-е • (-e)

  1. Alternative form of -о (-o): Suffix added to adjectives to produce adverbs; highly productive; used in place of -о (-o) after palatal consonants, hushing consonants (ч ш щ ж) and ц
    ‎злове́щий (zlovéščij, “ominous”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎злове́ще (zlovéšče, “ominously”)
    ‎неуклю́жий (neukljúžij, “clumsy, awkward”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎неуклю́же (neukljúže, “clumsily, awkwardly”)
    ‎изли́шний (izlíšnij, “excessive”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎изли́шне (izlíšne, “excessively”)
    ‎кра́йний (krájnij, “extreme, utmost”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎кра́йне (krájne, “extremely, very, too”)
    ‎вне́шний (vnéšnij, “outward, outer”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎вне́шне (vnéšne, “outwardly, externally, outside, outdoors”)
    ‎дю́жий (djúžij, “hefty; very strong (low colloquial)”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎дю́же (djúže, “very (colloquial, dialectal)”)
Usage notes
Derived terms
Russian terms suffixed with -е

Suffix

-е • (-e)

  1. Used to form comparatives from adjectives and adverbs ending in a velar, ie. х г к.
    ‎ти́хий (tíxij, “quiet”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎ти́ше (tíše, “quieter”)
    ‎ти́хо (tíxo, “quietly”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎ти́ше (tíše, “more quietly”)
Usage notes
  • This ending is always unstressed, and palatalizes the final velar of the stem.
  • The endings -ее (-eje) or -е́е (-éje) are used when the stem does not end in a velar.

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.

Suffix

-е (Latin spelling -e)

  1. Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a young animal, plant, place name or is used as a collective noun.
Declension
Derived terms

Suffix

-е (Latin spelling -e)

  1. Suffix appended to the truncated stem (up to the second syllable) of a proper name to create a masculine or feminine hypocoristic.
    ‎Катари́на + ‎-е → ‎Ка́те
    ‎Ма̀рија + ‎-е → ‎Ма́ре
    ‎Ју̏ра̄ј + ‎-е → ‎Ју́ре
    ‎Ма̀тија + ‎-е → ‎Ма́те

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-e, from Proto-Indo-European *-e, not a desinence per se but a thematic vowel in e-grade.

Suffix

-е (Latin spelling -e)

  1. Suffix appended to the nominal stem to create vocative singular. Used for masculine and neuter a-stems.
    ‎ву̑к + ‎-е → ‎ву̑че (vocative singular)

See also

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