< Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan

Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/Cma

This Proto-Ryukyuan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Ryukyuan

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *Mma (“horse”).

Alternative reconstructions
  • *uma

Noun

*Cma

  1. horse
Descendants
  • Northern Ryukyuan: 烏馬 (uma) (Liúqiú guăn yìyŭ, 1469-1470)[1]
    • Kikai: 馬 (ma, uma)
    • Kunigami: 馬 ('mā)
    • Northern Amami-Oshima: 馬 ('mā)
    • Okinawan: 馬 ('nma, 'nmā)
    • Oki-No-Erabu: 馬 (mā)
    • Southern Amami-Oshima: 馬 ('mā)
    • Toku-No-Shima: 馬 (mā)
    • Yoron: 馬 (uma)
  • Southern Ryukyuan: *Vma (Bentley, 2008b)
    • Miyako: 馬 (mma)
    • Yaeyama: 馬 (mma)
    • Yonaguni: 馬 (nma)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Japonic *Mma (“good; delicious”).

Adjective

*Cma

  1. good
  2. delicious
Descendants
  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Kunigami: 旨ーせん, 甘ーせん, 味ーせん, 美ーせん, 巧ーせん, 美味ーせん, 甘美ーせん, 上手ーせん (mmāsen)[2]
    • Okinawan: 旨ーさん, 甘ーさん, 味ーさん, 美ーさん, 巧ーさん, 美味ーさん, 甘美ーさん, 上手ーさん (māsan)[2]
    • Oki-No-Erabu: 旨ーさん, 甘ーさん, 味ーさん, 美ーさん, 巧ーさん, 美味ーさん, 甘美ーさん, 上手ーさん (māsan)[3]
    • Toku-No-Shima: 旨ぁあい, 甘ぁあい, 味ぁあい, 美ぁあい, 巧ぁあい, 美味ぁあい, 甘美ぁあい, 上手ぁあい (mäai)
    • Yoron: 旨さい, 甘さい, 味さい, 美さい, 巧さい, 美味さい, 甘美さい, 上手さい (masai)[4]
  • Southern Ryukyuan:

References
  1. Lin (2015)
  2. Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 843
  3. “まーさん【旨さん・美味さん・甘さん・上手さん・巧さん】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
  4. “まさい【旨さい・美味さい・甘さい・上手さい・巧さい】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
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