< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tǫpъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Perhaps from a nasal infix of Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push, to stamp”) or *(s)tep- (“to beat, to thrush”). Often speculated as a cognate of Lithuanian tamprùs (“tough, resilient”), Old Norse þambr (“thick, swollen”). Possibly further akin to Proto-Slavic *stǫpati (“to step onto”), Proto-Germanic *stampōną (“to stamp”) with s-mobile.
Inflection
Accent paradigm c.
Indefinite declension of *tǫpъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *tǫpъ | *tǫpa | *tǫpo |
| genitive | *tǫpa | *tǫpy | *tǫpa |
| dative | *tǫpu | *tǫpě | *tǫpu |
| accusative | *tǫpъ | *tǫpǫ | *tǫpo |
| instrumental | *tǫpomь | *tǫpojǫ | *tǫpomь |
| locative | *tǫpě | *tǫpě | *tǫpě |
| vocative | *tǫpe | *tǫpo | *tǫpo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *tǫpa | *tǫpě | *tǫpě |
| genitive | *tǫpu | *tǫpu | *tǫpu |
| dative | *tǫpoma | *tǫpama | *tǫpoma |
| accusative | *tǫpa | *tǫpě | *tǫpě |
| instrumental | *tǫpoma | *tǫpama | *tǫpoma |
| locative | *tǫpu | *tǫpu | *tǫpu |
| vocative | *tǫpa | *tǫpě | *tǫpě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *tǫpi | *tǫpy | *tǫpa |
| genitive | *tǫpъ | *tǫpъ | *tǫpъ |
| dative | *tǫpomъ | *tǫpamъ | *tǫpomъ |
| accusative | *tǫpy | *tǫpy | *tǫpa |
| instrumental | *tǫpy | *tǫpami | *tǫpy |
| locative | *tǫpěxъ | *tǫpaxъ | *tǫpěxъ |
| vocative | *tǫpi | *tǫpy | *tǫpa |
Definite declension of *tǫpъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *tǫpъjь | *tǫpaja | *tǫpoje |
| genitive | *tǫpajego | *tǫpyję̇ | *tǫpajego |
| dative | *tǫpujemu | *tǫpěji | *tǫpujemu |
| accusative | *tǫpъjь | *tǫpǫjǫ | *tǫpoje |
| instrumental | *tǫpyjimь | *tǫpǫjǫ | *tǫpyjimь |
| locative | *tǫpějemь | *tǫpěji | *tǫpějemь |
| vocative | *tǫpъjь | *tǫpaja | *tǫpoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *tǫpaja | *tǫpěji | *tǫpěji |
| genitive | *tǫpuju | *tǫpuju | *tǫpuju |
| dative | *tǫpyjima | *tǫpyjima | *tǫpyjima |
| accusative | *tǫpaja | *tǫpěji | *tǫpěji |
| instrumental | *tǫpyjima | *tǫpyjima | *tǫpyjima |
| locative | *tǫpuju | *tǫpuju | *tǫpuju |
| vocative | *tǫpaja | *tǫpěji | *tǫpěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *tǫpiji | *tǫpyję̇ | *tǫpaja |
| genitive | *tǫpъjixъ | *tǫpъjixъ | *tǫpъjixъ |
| dative | *tǫpyjimъ | *tǫpyjimъ | *tǫpyjimъ |
| accusative | *tǫpyję̇ | *tǫpyję̇ | *tǫpaja |
| instrumental | *tǫpyjimi | *tǫpyjimi | *tǫpyjimi |
| locative | *tǫpyjixъ | *tǫpyjixъ | *tǫpyjixъ |
| vocative | *tǫpiji | *tǫpyję̇ | *tǫpaja |
Derived terms
- *tǫpěti (“to be dull”)
- *tǫpostь, *tǫpota (“dullness”)
- *tǫpakъ (“dullhead”)
- *tǫpogolvъ (“blockheaded, dumb”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: tâmp
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тупо́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- “tamprus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “tǫpъ tǫpa tǫpo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 109; PR 138)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “top²”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tǫ̑pъ”
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