冥冥

Chinese
dark; deep dark; deep
simp. and trad.
(冥冥)		 冥 冥

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 冥
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 莫經切
Baxter meng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /meŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /meŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mɛŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mɛjŋ/
Li
Rong		 /meŋ/
Wang
Li		 /mieŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mieŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 míng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ming4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冥
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 míng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ meng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mˁeŋ/
English dark

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冥
Reading # 1/1
No. 9197
Phonetic
component		 冥
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 冥
Old
Chinese		 /*meːŋ/

Adjective

冥冥

  1. (literary, ideophonic) dusky; dark and gloomy

Synonyms

Derived terms
  • 俏冥冥
  • 冥冥中
  • 冥冥之中
  • 冥冥之志
  • 悄冥冥
  • 悄悄冥冥
  • 愁緒冥冥／愁绪冥冥
  • 渺渺冥冥
  • 窈窈冥冥
  • 窈窕冥冥
  • 薄暮冥冥
  • 邈冥冥
  • 飛鴻冥冥／飞鸿冥冥
  • 鴻飛冥冥／鸿飞冥冥
  • 鴻飛冥冥，弋人何慕／鸿飞冥冥，弋人何慕

Japanese
Kanji in this term
冥 冥
めい
Grade: S		 めい
Grade: S
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
冥々

Pronunciation

Adjective

冥(めい)冥(めい) • (meimei) †-tari (adnominal 冥(めい)冥(めい)とした (meimei to shita) or 冥(めい)冥(めい)たる (meimei taru), adverbial 冥(めい)冥(めい)と (meimei to) or 冥(めい)冥(めい)として (meimei to shite))

  1. dark, dim
  2. unclear (situation, prospects)

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "冥冥たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 冥冥たらめいめいたらmeimeitara
Continuative (連用形) 冥冥と[1]
冥冥たり[2]		めいめいと
めいめいたり		meimeito
meimeitari
Terminal (終止形) 冥冥たりめいめいたりmeimeitari
Attributive (連体形) 冥冥たるめいめいたるmeimeitaru
Realis (已然形) 冥冥たれめいめいたれmeimeitare
Imperative (命令形) 冥冥たれめいめいたれmeimeitare
Key constructions
Negative 冥冥たらずめいめいたらずmeimeitarazu
Contrasting conjunction 冥冥たれどめいめいたれどmeimeitaredo
Causal conjunction 冥冥たればめいめいたればmeimeitareba
Conditional conjunction 冥冥たらばめいめいたらばmeimeitaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 冥冥たりきめいめいたりきmeimeitariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 冥冥たりけりめいめいたりけりmeimeitarikeri
Adverbial 冥冥とめいめいとmeimeito
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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