莫

莫 U+83AB, 莫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83AB
← 莪
[U+83AA]
CJK Unified Ideographs 莬 →
[U+83AC]

Translingual

Han character

莫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿日大 (TAK), four-corner 44430, composition ⿱艹旲 or ⿱䒤大)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1035, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31078
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3217, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+83AB

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 莫
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).

The bottom was later distorted into 大.

Etymology 1

trad. 莫
simp. # 莫
alternative forms 𦶛
𦱤
䒬

From 無 (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • mŏ̤h - vernacular (“don't”);
  • mŏk - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 莫
Mandarin Beijing /mo⁵¹/
Harbin /mɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /mo⁵³/
Jinan /mə²¹/
Qingdao /mə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mo²⁴/
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /muə¹³/
Lanzhou /mə¹³/
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mo²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
Guiyang /mo²¹/
Kunming /mo³¹/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/
Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /maʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /maʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /moʔ¹/
Suzhou /noʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɔʔ²/
/mɵʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /mok̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mɔk̚²/
Nanning /mɔk̚²²/
Hong Kong /mɔk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /moʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mz̩²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /mok̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /vo³³/ 不要
/mo³³/ 姓

Rime
Character 莫
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 慕各切
Baxter mak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/mɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/mɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/mak̚/
Li
Rong
/mɑk̚/
Wang
Li
/mɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
mò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mok6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 莫 莫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
mò mò
Middle
Chinese
‹ mak › ‹ mak ›
Old
Chinese
/*mˁak/ /*mˁak/
English there is no X such that X deliberate (v.) (loan)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 莫
Reading # 1/1
No. 9252
Phonetic
component
莫
Rime
group
鐸
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
莫
Old
Chinese
/*maːɡ/
Notes 從日在茻中,暮初文,小徐茻亦聲

Definitions

莫

  1. (literary) none; nothing; not anything
  2. (literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Eastern Min, Xiang) do not; don't; must not
    莫做聲!/莫做声! [dialectal Mandarin]  ―  Mò zuòshēng! [Pinyin]  ―  Keep quiet! (literally, “Don't make a sound!”)
    莫細膩。 [Eastern Min, trad.]
    莫细腻。 [Eastern Min, simp.]
    mŏ̤h-sá̤-nê / [moʔ⁵⁻²¹ (s-)lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
    Don't be too polite. / Make yourself at home.
    你莫腿囉。/你莫腿啰。 [Xiang]  ―  nyi3 mo6 tei3 lo [Wiktionary]  ―  You don't joke.
    發生火災莫驚慌/发生火灾莫惊慌  ―  fāshēng huǒzāi mò jīnghuāng  ―  Don't be panicked when conflagration happens
  3. particle indicating a rhetorical question
  4. a surname

Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad. 莫
simp. # 莫
alternative forms

Contraction of 毋愛/毋爱 (m̄-ài).

Pronunciation


Definitions

莫 (Southern Min)

  1. do not; don't; must not
    莫摸我! [Hokkien]  ―  Mài bong góa! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Don't touch me!
  2. to not want

Synonyms

Etymology 3

trad. 莫
simp. # 莫

Pronunciation


Definitions

莫

  1. † Original form of 暮 (mù, “dusk; late”).
  2. † a kind of vegetable

Compounds

  • 莫春
  • 莫景
  • 闇莫/暗莫

References

Japanese

Kanji

莫

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. late
  2. end
  3. not be
  4. must not

Readings

Korean

Hanja

莫 (eumhun 없을 막 (eopseul mak))

  1. Hanja form? of 막 (“do not, is not, cannot”).

莫 (eumhun 저물 모 (jeomul mo))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

莫: Hán Việt readings: mạc (末(mạt)各(các)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
莫: Nôm readings: mác[1][2][3][4][5][6], mạc[1][2][5][6], mếch[1]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Hồ (1976).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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