mix together; peace; harmony mix together; peace; harmony; and; with; union; cap (a poem); respond in singing; soft; warm |
slow; sluggish; gradual slow; sluggish; gradual; to postpone | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (和緩) | 和 | 緩 | |
| simp. (和缓) | 和 | 缓 | |
| anagram | 緩和／缓和 | ||
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 和 | 緩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 戸戈切 | 胡管切 |
| Baxter | hwa | hwanX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦuɑ/ | /ɦuɑnX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦuɑ/ | /ɦʷɑnX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣuɑ/ | /ɣuɑnX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦwa/ | /ɦwanX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣuɑ/ | /ɣuɑnX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣuɑ/ | /ɣuɑnX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣuɑ/ | /ɣuɑnX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
huó | huàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
wo4 | wun6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 和 | 緩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hé | huǎn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hwa › | ‹ hwanX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɢ]ˁoj/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˁa[n]ʔ/ |
| English | harmonious | slack; slow |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 和 | 緩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4932 | 16160 |
| Phonetic component |
禾 | 爰 |
| Rime group |
歌 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
和 | 緩 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡoːl/ | /*ɢʷaːnʔ/ |