在野

Chinese

		(located) at; in; exist (located) at; in; exist; (before verbs) immediately involved in; right in the middle of doing	field; plain; open space field; plain; open space; limit; boundary; rude; wild
simp. and trad. (在野)		在	野

Etymology

君子在野，小人在位。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

From: 《書·大禹謨》

Jūnzǐ zài yě, xiǎorén zài wèi. [Pinyin]

(please add an English translation of this usage example)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zàiyě

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˋ ㄧㄝˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi⁶ je⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chǎi-iá / chāi-iá

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zàiyě
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˋ ㄧㄝˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zàiyě
  - Wade–Giles: tsai⁴-yeh³
  - Yale: dzài-yě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzayyee
  - Palladius: цзайе (czaje)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zoi⁶ je⁵
  - Yale: joih yéh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi⁶ je⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: zoi⁶ yé⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯²² jɛː¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǎi-iá
  - Tâi-lô: tsǎi-iá
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai²² ia⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chāi-iá
  - Tâi-lô: tsāi-iá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaixiar
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai³³⁻¹¹ ia⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai³³⁻²¹ ia⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sai²²⁻²¹ ia⁵³/

Middle Chinese: dzojX|dzojH yaeX

Rime
Character	在	在	野
Reading #	1/2	2/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	從 (15)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	咍 (41)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	III
Fanqie	昨宰切	昨代切	羊者切
Baxter	dzojX	dzojH	yaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zʌi^X/	/d͡zʌi^H/	/jia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zəi^X/	/d͡zəi^H/	/jia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɒi^X/	/d͡zɒi^H/	/ia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zəj^X/	/d͡zəj^H/	/jia^X/
Li Rong	/d͡zᴀi^X/	/d͡zᴀi^H/	/ia^X/
Wang Li	/d͡zɒi^X/	/d͡zɒi^H/	/jĭa^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑ̆i^X/	/d͡zʱɑ̆i^H/	/i̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zài	zài	yě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoi⁶	zoi⁶	je⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤəʔ lAʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːʔ|zlɯːs laːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	在	野
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zài	yě
Middle Chinese	‹ dzoj^X ›	‹ yæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁəʔ/	/*lAʔ/
English	be at, be present	open country
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	在	在	野
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/2
No.	1064	1065	15722
Phonetic component	才	才	予
Rime group	之	之	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	在	載	野
Old Chinese	/*zlɯːʔ/	/*zlɯːs/	/*laːʔ/

Verb

在野

(literary) to be out of office (at court or in government)

Antonyms

(literary) 在朝 (zàicháo)

Derived terms

在野黨／在野党 (zàiyědǎng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
在	野
ざい Grade: 5	や Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d͡za̠ija̠]

Noun

在(ざい)野(や) • (zaiya)

being out of office, in opposition

Korean

Hanja in this term
在	野

Noun

在野 • (jaeya) (hangeul 재야)

Hanja form^? of 재야 (“being out of office, in opposition”).

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