壙

See also: 圹

壙	U+58D9, 壙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58D9

← 壘
[U+58D8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

壚 →
[U+58DA]

Translingual

Han character

壙 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+15, 18 strokes, cangjie input 土戈廿金 (GITC), four-corner 4018₆, composition ⿰土廣)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 241, character 25

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5576

Dae Jaweon: page 481, character 17

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 497, character 6

Unihan data for U+58D9

Chinese

trad.		壙
simp.		圹

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
僙	*kʷaːŋ
廣	*kʷaːŋʔ
鄺	kʷaːŋʔ, qʰʷaːŋ
懬	kʰʷaːŋʔ, kʰaːŋʔ
爌	kʰʷaːŋʔ, kʰʷaːŋs, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
曠	*kʰʷaːŋs
矌	*kʰʷaːŋs
壙	*kʰʷaːŋs
纊	*kʰʷaːŋs
黃	*ɡʷaːŋ
璜	*ɡʷaːŋ
潢	ɡʷaːŋ, ɡʷaːŋs
簧	*ɡʷaːŋ
癀	*ɡʷaːŋ
鱑	*ɡʷaːŋ
獚	*ɡʷaːŋ
蟥	*ɡʷaːŋ
趪	*ɡʷaːŋ
櫎	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
擴	ɡʷlaːŋs, kʰʷaːɡ
瀇	*qʷaːŋʔ
獷	kʷaŋʔ, kʷraːŋʔ
觵	*kʷraːŋ
礦	*kʷraːŋʔ
鑛	*kʷraːŋʔ
穬	*kʷraːŋʔ
橫	ɡʷraːŋ, ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ
黌	*ɡʷraːŋ
鐄	*ɡʷraːŋ
嚝	*qʰʷraːŋ
彉	kʷaːɡ, qʰʷaːɡ
彍	kʷaːɡ, qʰʷaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːŋs) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuàng (kuang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwong³, kong³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuàng
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuang⁴
  - Yale: kwàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuanq
  - Palladius: куан (kuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwong³, kong³
  - Yale: kwong, kong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwong³, kong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuong³, kong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɔːŋ³³/, /kʰɔːŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: khwangH

Rime
Character	壙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦謗切
Baxter	khwangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰwɑŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷɑŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kʰuɑŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kʰuɑŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰwɑŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷʰˤaŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷaːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	壙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuàng
Middle Chinese	‹ khwang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷʰˁaŋ-s/
English	grave pit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壙
Reading #	1/1
No.	5376
Phonetic component	黄
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	曠
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷaːŋs/

Definitions

壙

(literary) tomb; grave
(literary) open wilderness; prairie
(literary) Alternative form of 曠／旷 (kuàng, “vast; expansive”)

Compounds

壙久／圹久
壙僚／圹僚
壙埌／圹埌 (kuànglàng)
壙壙／圹圹
壙遠／圹远
生壙／生圹
痟狗舂墓壙／痟狗舂墓圹 (siáu káu cheng bōng-khòng) (Min Nan)

References

“壙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

壙

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
Kun: あな (ana, 壙)

Korean

Hanja

壙 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

壙: Hán Nôm readings: khoảng

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