夙

夙 U+5919, 夙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5919
← 夘
[U+5918]
CJK Unified Ideographs 多 →
[U+591A]

Translingual

Han character

夙 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓一弓戈 (HNMNI), four-corner 77210, composition ⿵几歹)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 246, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5755
  • Dae Jaweon: page 489, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 861, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5919

Chinese

trad. 夙
simp. # 夙
alternative forms 𠈇
𡖊
𡖕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 夙
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

The oracle bone script consisted of 月 (“moon”) and 丮, and resembled a man holding the moon, probably representing the worship of the moon. Alternatively, it might represent a person working under the moon in the early morning when the moon has not set.

In some forms of its bronze inscription, 月 corrupted into 夕.

丮 later got reduced into 凡.

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) compares this with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sok ~ *V-sok (“morning; morrow”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s(j)u-ŋ/k (“to wake up; morning; clear-headed; to sober up”). Burmese သောကြာ (sau:kra, “Venus”) is unrelated as it ultimately derives from Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra).

Schuessler (2007) also considers this to be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-sow (“to arise; to awake; to awaken”), as the morning is the time to arise. Other possible Chinese comparanda of this Tibeto-Burman word are 搜 (OC *sru, “to move”) (as in 搜搜), 速 (OC *sloːɡ, “speedy”), 聳 (OC *sloŋʔ, “to urge on”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 夙
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息逐切
Baxter sjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/sɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/siuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/siuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/suwk̚/
Li
Rong
/siuk̚/
Wang
Li
/sĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/si̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
su
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
suk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 夙
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
sù
Middle
Chinese
‹ sjuwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s]uk/
English early morning

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 夙
Reading # 1/1
No. 12098
Phonetic
component
夙
Rime
group
覺
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
肅
Old
Chinese
/*suɡ/

Definitions

夙

  1. early morning
  2. early
  3. old; past
  4. since old days

Compounds

  • 償得夙願/偿得夙愿
  • 夙世冤家
  • 夙世因緣/夙世因缘
  • 夙仇
  • 夙儒
  • 夙夜 (sùyè)
  • 夙夜不懈
  • 夙夜匪懈 (sùyèfěixiè)
  • 夙夜在公 (sùyèzàigōng)
  • 夙夜為謀/夙夜为谋
  • 夙心
  • 夙心往志
  • 夙志 (sùzhì)
  • 夙怨 (sùyuàn)
  • 夙敵/夙敌
  • 夙昔 (sùxī)
  • 夙緣/夙缘 (sùyuán)
  • 夙聞/夙闻
  • 夙興/夙兴
  • 夙興夜寐/夙兴夜寐 (sùxīngyèmèi)
  • 夙負盛名/夙负盛名
  • 夙辦/夙办
  • 夙願/夙愿 (sùyuàn)
  • 夙願以償/夙愿以偿
  • 夙駕/夙驾
  • 星言夙駕/星言夙驾
  • 星陳夙駕/星陈夙驾
  • 首丘夙願/首丘夙愿

Japanese

Kanji

夙

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

夙 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk)

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Vietnamese

Han character

夙: Hán Nôm readings: túc

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