拳

See also: 挙
拳 U+62F3, 拳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62F3
← 拲
[U+62F2]
CJK Unified Ideographs 拴 →
[U+62F4]

Translingual

Han character

拳 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火手手 (FQQ), four-corner 90502, composition ⿱龹手)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 428, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11996
  • Dae Jaweon: page 777, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1864, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+62F3

Chinese

simp. and trad.
拳
alternative forms 搼

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡron) : phonetic 龹 () + semantic 手 (“hand”) – a fist is a form of a hand.

Etymology

From 卷 (OC *ɡron, “to bent; to curve”) (Schuessler, 2007; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • kûn - vernacular;
  • koân/khoân - literary.

Rime
Character 拳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 仙 (80)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 巨員切
Baxter gjwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡˠiuᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡʷᵚiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiuæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gwian/
Li
Rong
/ɡjuɛn/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭwɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯wɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
quán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
kyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 拳
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
quán
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjwen ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-kro[n]/
English fist (< rolled-up hand)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 拳
Reading # 1/1
No. 7165
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
權
Old
Chinese
/*ɡron/

Definitions

拳

  1. fist
  2. Chinese boxing
  3. Classifier for strikes made with a fist.
  4. Alternative form of 踡 (quán, “to curl; to bend up”)
  5. a surname
  6. Martial

Synonyms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (拳):
  • → Japanese: 拳(けん) (ken)
  • → Korean: 권(拳) (gwon)
  • → Vietnamese: quyền (拳)

Others:

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai 拳
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3][4]

拳󠄁
拳+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
拳󠄃
拳+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

拳

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. ken, a game played with the hands; a game of hands; in Italian, mor(r)a, a game in which two (or more) players each suddenly display a hand showing zero to five fingers and call out what they think will be the sum of all fingers shown.
  2. fist, usually as a suffix in the names of martial art moves

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
拳
こぶし
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 拳 – see the following entry.
【こぶし】
[noun] [from 810] fist
[noun] [from early 1300s] the shape of the hand when gripping a sword hilt
[noun] [from early 1300s] (by extension) swordsmanship, ability with a sword
[noun] [from 1500s] the shape of the hand when gripping a bow
[noun] [from 1500s] (by extension) bowmanship, ability with a bow
[noun] [from 1588] (by extension from the fist of a falconer) huntsmanship, hunting ability
【こぶしコブシ】
[noun] [from circa 1165] the Kobushi magnolia, Magnolia kobus
Alternative spelling
辛夷
(This term, 拳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
拳
けん
Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

The standalone noun senses are first cited to texts from the 1500s.[5]

Pronunciation

Noun

拳(けん) • (ken) 

  1. [from 1500s] a fist
    Synonyms: 拳 (kobushi), 握り拳 (nigiri kobushi), 拳固 (genko), 拳骨 (genkotsu)
  2. [after 1560] any of the martial arts that use the fists for striking, such as 空手 (karate)
  3. [after 1644] any of several finger-shape games, including じゃんけんぽん (jankenpon, “rock paper scissors”)

Suffix

拳(けん) • (-ken) 

  1. (martial arts) used in the names of styles, or moves that involve punching
    Antonym: 脚 (-kyaku)
    蟷(とう)螂(ろう)拳(けん)
    tōrōken
    mantis style
    太(たい)極(きょく)拳(けん)
    taikyokuken
    tai chi
    波(は)動(どう)拳(けん)
    Hadōken
    Surge Fist
    • 1999 February 20 [1994 April 15], Rumiko Takahashi, “PART(パート).2 [海](うみ)[千](せん)[拳](けん)と[山](やま)[千](せん)[拳](けん) ([海](うみ)[千](せん)[拳](けん)と[山](やま)[千](せん)[拳](けん)) [PART.2 Umisenken and Yamasenken]”, in らんま½ (らんま½) [Ranma ½], 10th edition, volume 28 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:
      やつの目(もく)的(てき)はおそらく、山(やま)千(せん)拳(けん)と対(つい)をなす海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)の秘(ひ)伝(でん)書(しょ)。
      Yatsu no mokuteki wa osoraku, Yamasenken to tsui o nasu Umisenken no hidensho.
      He must be looking for the scroll for Umisenken, the antithesis of Yamasenken.
      海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)?
      Umisenken?
      Umisenken?
    • 2000 December 20 [1999 May 17], Maekawa, Takeshi, “水(すい)面(めん)の戦(たたか)いの巻(まき) [Water Struggle]”, in 新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ (新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ) [New Ironfist Chinmi], 2nd edition, volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 158–161:
      今(こん)度(ど)はこっちの番(ばん)だソウビ‼
      Kondo wa kotchi no ban da Sōbi‼
      It’s my turn now, Sōbi‼
      む
      Mu
      Mm?
      通(つう)‥‥背(はい)‥‥拳(けん)‼‼
      Tsū‥‥hai‥‥ken‼‼
      Tong‥‥bei‥‥quan‼‼
      通(つう)背(はい)拳(けん)⁉吊(つ)り橋(はし)でみせたあの技(わざ)で 水(みず)を‥‥‼
      Tsūhaiken⁉ Tsurihashi de miseta ano waza de Mizu o‥‥‼
      Tongbeiquan⁉ I saw him use this move at the suspension bridge, but now on water‥‥⁉
    • 2001 January 23, Masami Kurumada, “女神(アテナ)の聖闘士(セイント)の巻(まき) [Athena’s Saints]”, in Saint(セイント)星(セイ)矢(ヤ) (Saint(セイント)星(セイ)矢(ヤ)) [Saint Seiya], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 60:
      ペガサス流(りゅう)星(せい)拳(けん)‼
      Pegasasu Ryūseiken‼
      Pegasus Meteor Fists‼
    • 2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)36話(わ) カーニバル[祭(まつり)] [Chapter 36: Carnival]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) (武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)) [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      直(ちょく)撃(げき)!ブラボー拳(けん)‼
      Chokugeki! Burabō-ken‼
      Direct! Bravo Punch‼

References

  1. “拳”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “拳”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  3. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 945 (paper), page 522 (digital)
  4. Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 579 (paper), page 302 (digital)
  5. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  6. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

Recorded as Middle Korean 꿘 (Yale: kkwen) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 권 (kwen) (Yale: kwen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 拳 (eumhun 주먹 권 (jumeok gwon))

  1. Hanja form? of 권 (“fist”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

拳: Hán Nôm readings: quyền, quèn, long, thành

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