敬

See also: 茍
敬 U+656C, 敬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-656C
← 敫
[U+656B]
CJK Unified Ideographs 敭 →
[U+656D]
敬 U+2F8C9, 敬
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C9
← 敏
[U+2F8C8]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣀊 →
[U+2F8CA]

Translingual

Han character

敬 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+9 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 攴+8 in mainland China and Japanese, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿口人大 (TROK), four-corner 48640, composition ⿰苟攵(GJKV) or ⿰茍攵(HT))

Derived characters

References

Chinese

trad. 敬
simp. # 敬

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敬
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 茍 + 攵, the left component represents a sitting dog, the right component represents authority.

Etymology

Cognate with 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to scare”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 敬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居慶切
Baxter kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kiajŋH/
Li
Rong
/kiɐŋH/
Wang
Li
/kĭɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ging3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 敬
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jìng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjængH ›
Old
Chinese
/*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
English respectful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 敬
Reading # 1/1
No. 6885
Phonetic
component
敬
Rime
group
耕
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
敬
Old
Chinese
/*kreŋs/

Definitions

敬

  1. to respect; to honor
  2. to present; to offer (alcohol, food, cigarettes, tea, etc.)
  3. (literary, or in compounds) to concentrate completely on; to devote oneself to; to focus all of one's attention on
  4. (literary, or in compounds) respectful; deferential (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  5. a surname

Synonyms

  • (to respect):
  • (to concentrate completely on):
  • (respectful):

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “to respect”): 鄙 (bǐ)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (敬):
  • → Vietnamese: kính (敬)

Others:

References

Japanese

Kanji

敬

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
敬
けい
Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 敬 (kjængH, “respectful”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ke̞ː]

Affix

敬(けい) • (kei) 

  1. respect, honor, reverence
Usage notes

Used in kanji compounds. Not used in isolation except as a suru verb.[1][2] See 敬する.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
敬
うやまい
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 敬う (uyamau, “to respect, to esteem”).[1][2]

Alternative forms

  • 敬(うやま)い (uyamai)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝja̠ma̠i]

Noun

敬(うやまい) • (uyamai) 

  1. respect, esteem
Usage notes

More commonly spelled as 敬い with the okurigana.

Etymology 3

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper noun

敬(たかし) • (Takashi) 

  1. a male given name

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

敬 (eumhun 공경할 경 (gonggyeonghal gyeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 경 (“respect, honor”).
  2. Hanja form? of 경 (“respectfully”).

Vietnamese

Han character

敬: Hán Việt readings: kính (居(cư)慶(khánh)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
敬: Nôm readings: kính[1][2][4][5], kỉnh[2], kinh[6]

  1. chữ Hán form of kính (“to respect”).

Compounds

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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