尚

See also: 向 and 尙
尚 U+5C1A, 尚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C1A
← 尙
[U+5C19]
CJK Unified Ideographs 尛 →
[U+5C1B]

Translingual

Traditional 尚
Simplified 尚
Japanese 尚
Korean 尙

Alternative forms

  • 𫩠 (when used at the top of a character)

Han character

Stroke order
8 strokes

尚 (Kangxi radical 42, 小+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 火月口 (FBR), four-corner 90227, composition ⿱⺌冋)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 297, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7493
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 563, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5C1A

Chinese

trad. 尚/尙
simp. 尚

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 尚
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) : semantic 八 + phonetic 向 (OC *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *zrjaŋ ~ rjaŋ (“uncle, superior”) (STEDT; cf. Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“, upper part, rise, raise, top, summit”)). Cognate with 丈 (OC *daŋʔ) "gentleman, older man, husband", Tibetan ཨ་ཞང (a zhang, “maternal uncle”), Burmese အရှင် (a.hrang, “master, lord”), etc.

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • siōng/siāng - literary;
  • siūⁿ/siōⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 和尚);
  • sióng - vernacular (limited, e.g 高尚).
      • (Teochew)
        • Peng'im: siang6 / sion7 / siên7
        • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siăng / siōⁿ / siēⁿ
        • Sinological IPA (key): /siaŋ³⁵/, /sĩõ¹¹/, /sĩẽ¹¹/
    Note:
    • siang6 - literary;
    • sion7/siên7 - vernacular (siên7 - Chaozhou).
      • Wu
        • (Shanghai):
          • Wugniu: 6zaon
          • MiniDict: zaon去
          • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3zaan
          • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɑ̃²³/

Rime
Character 尚
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 時亮切
Baxter dzyangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑiɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑɨaŋH/
Li
Rong
/ʑiaŋH/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
soeng6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 尚
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shàng
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyangH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[d]aŋ-s/
English upwards

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 尚
Reading # 2/2
No. 11161
Phonetic
component
尚
Rime
group
陽
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
尚
Old
Chinese
/*djaŋs/

Definitions

尚

  1. still; yet
    年紀尚幼/年纪尚幼  ―  niánjì shàng yòu  ―  still young
    不良反應:尚不明確。 [MSC, trad.]
    不良反应:尚不明确。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bùliángfǎnyìng: shàng bù míngquè. [Pinyin]
    Adverse reactions: still unclear.
  2. (literary, or in compounds) even
  3. to value; to esteem; to worship
    尚武  ―  shàngwǔ  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  4. (obsolete) to assist; to administer (for the emperor)
  5. prevailing custom
    時尚/时尚  ―  shíshàng  ―  fashion
  6. (literary, or in compounds) noble; virtuous
  7. (obsolete) Alternative form of 上 (“to exceed”)
  8. a surname: Shang
    尚可喜  ―  Shàng Kěxǐ  ―  Shang Kexi (Chinese general of the Ming and Qing Dynasties)
Synonyms
  • (still):
  • (even):
  • (to value):
  • (noble):

Descendants

  • → Tangut: → 𗊻 (*śjo²) (transliteration)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character 尚
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 市羊切
Baxter dzyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑɨaŋ/
Li
Rong
/ʑiaŋ/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
cháng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
soeng4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 尚
Reading # 1/2
No. 11156
Phonetic
component
尚
Rime
group
陽
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
常
Old
Chinese
/*djaŋ/
Notes 說文從向聲,金文不似,疑堂或常初文

Definitions

尚

  1. Used in 尚羊 (chángyáng).
  2. Variant pronunciation used in 尚書/尚书 (shàngshū, “position of the chief secretary”).

Japanese

Shinjitai

尚

Kyūjitai

尙

Kanji

尚

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 尙)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
尚
しょう
Grade: S
kan’on
Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 尚 (MC dzyangH).

Affix

尚(しょう) • (shō) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. esteem, respect
  2. high status
  3. long time
  4. furthermore, still, yet

Proper noun

尚(しょう) • (Shō) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. a surname used by the Ryukyu royal family
  2. a male or female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
尚
なお
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 尚 – see the following entry.
【なお】
[adverb] furthermore, in addition
[adverb] still, as always
[adverb] even more
[conjunction] moreover, furthermore, in addition, note that
Alternative spellings
猶, 尚お
(This term, 尚, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Proper noun

尚(なお) • (Nao) ←なほ (nafo)?

  1. a male or female given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
尚
たかし
Grade: S
nanori
Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)

Nominalization of classical adjective 高し (takashi), modern 高い (takai, “high”).

Proper noun

尚(たかし) • (Takashi) 

  1. a surname
  2. a male given name

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
尚
ひさし
Grade: S
nanori
Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)

Nominalization of classical adjective 久し (hisashi), modern 久しい (hisashii, “long time”).

Proper noun

尚(ひさし) • (Hisashi) 

  1. a male or female given name

Korean

Hanja

尚 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

尚: Hán Nôm readings: chuộng, thượng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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