治國

Chinese

		to rule; to govern; to manage to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); cure; treatment; to heal	country; state; nation
trad. (治國)		治	國
simp. (治国)		治	国

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhìguó, chíguó

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ, ㄔˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ gwok³, ci⁴ gwok³
Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): tī-kok / tǐ-kok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhìguó
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhguó
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴-kuo²
  - Yale: jr̀-gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhgwo
  - Palladius: чжиго (čžigo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chíguó
  - Zhuyin: ㄔˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chíhguó
  - Wade–Giles: chʻih²-kuo²
  - Yale: chŕ-gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyrgwo
  - Palladius: чиго (čigo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶ gwok³, ci⁴ gwok³
  - Yale: jih gwok, chìh gwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ gwok⁸, tsi⁴ gwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ guog³, qi⁴ guog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² kʷɔːk̚³/, /t͡sʰiː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tī-kok
  - Tâi-lô: tī-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dixkog
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ti³³⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ti²²⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǐ-kok
  - Tâi-lô: tǐ-kok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ti²² kɔk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: dri|drijH|driH kwok

Rime
Character	治	治	治	國
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	澄 (11)	澄 (11)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	脂 (17)	之 (19)	登 (132)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III	III	I
Fanqie	直之切	直利切	直吏切	古或切
Baxter	dri	drijH	driH	kwok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨ/	/ɖˠiɪ^H/	/ɖɨ^H/	/kwək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖɨ/	/ɖᵚi^H/	/ɖɨ^H/	/kʷək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡie/	/ȡiɪ^H/	/ȡie^H/	/kuək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨ/	/ɖji^H/	/ɖɨ^H/	/kwək̚/
Li Rong	/ȡiə/	/ȡji^H/	/ȡiə^H/	/kuək̚/
Wang Li	/ȡĭə/	/ȡi^H/	/ȡĭə^H/	/kuək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi/	/ȡʱi^H/	/ȡʱi^H/	/kwək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chí	zhì	zhì	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci⁴	zi⁶	zi⁶	gwak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.lrə|lrə-s [C.q]ʷˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯ|l'ɯs|l'is kʷɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	治	治	國
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chí	zhì	guó
Middle Chinese	‹ dri ›	‹ dri^H ›	‹ kwok ›
Old Chinese	/*C.lrə/	/*lrə-s/	/*[C.q]ʷˁək/
English	regulate, arrange	regulate, arrange	state (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	治	治	治	國
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
No.	12288	12289	12302	5547
Phonetic component	台	台	台	或
Rime group	之	之	脂	職
Rime subdivision	0	0	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	治	值	緻	國
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯ/	/*l'ɯs/	/*l'is/	/*kʷɯːɡ/

Verb

治國

to govern a state; to run a country; to administer state affairs
依法治國／依法治国 ― yīfǎ zhìguó ― law-based governance

格物、致知、誠意、正心、修身、齊家、治國、平天下。 [MSC, trad.]
格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下。 [MSC, simp.]
Géwù, zhìzhī, chéngyì, zhèngxīn, xiūshēn, qíjiā, zhìguó, píngtiānxià. [Pinyin]
Investigate the nature of things, pursue knowledge, act in good faith, rectify one's mind, cultivate one's moral character, manage one's household, administer state affairs and bring peace to the nation.

Synonyms

(literary) 經國／经国 (jīngguó)

Derived terms

治國安民／治国安民
治國安邦／治国安邦 (zhìguó'ānbāng)

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