溺

See also: 尿
溺 U+6EBA, 溺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6EBA
← 溹
[U+6EB9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 溻 →
[U+6EBB]
溺 U+F9EC, 溺
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9EC
← 匿
[U+F9EB] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 吝 →
[U+F9ED]

Translingual

Han character

溺 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水弓一一 (ENMM), four-corner 37127, composition ⿰氵弱)

Derived characters
  • 𡀡, 𡣄, 𦡥, 𬉪

References

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (弱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嫋 *neːwʔ
弱 *njewɢ
溺 *njewɢ, *neːwɢ
蒻 *njewɢ
搦 *rneːwɢ, *rnaːwɢ
愵 *neːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njewɢ, *neːwɢ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 弱 (OC *njewɢ).

Etymology 1
trad. 溺
simp. # 溺
alternative forms 㲻
氼

Schuessler (2007) proposes the following possibilities:

  • Related to Burmese နစ် (nac, “to sink; to drown”), Burmese နှစ် (hnac, “to immerse”), but the vowels do not agree.
  • Related to Burmese နှိုက်း (hnuik:, “to penetrate; to put one's hand into”).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 溺
Mandarin Beijing /ni⁵¹/
Harbin /ni⁵³/
Tianjin /ni⁵³/
Jinan /ȵi²¹/
Qingdao /ni⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ni³¹²/
Xi'an /ni²¹/
Xining /mji²¹³/
Yinchuan /ni¹³/
Lanzhou /ȵi¹³/
Ürümqi /ȵi²¹³/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵie³¹/
/ȵi³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /ni³¹/
Nanjing /liʔ⁵/
Hefei /liəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /niəʔ²/
Pingyao /ȵiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /niəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ȵiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ni²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ȵi²⁴/
Xiangtan /ȵi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /nit̚¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /nek̚²/
Nanning /nek̚²²/
Hong Kong /nek̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /niʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ni²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /nek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /niɔk̚⁵/
Rime
Character 溺
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 錫 (127)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴歷切
Baxter nek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /nek̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /nek̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /nɛk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /nɛjk̚/
Li
Rong		 /nek̚/
Wang
Li		 /niek̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /niek̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 nì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 nik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 溺
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 nì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nek ›
Old
Chinese		 /*nˁewk/
English to sink in water

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 溺
Reading # 2/2
No. 10952
Phonetic
component		 弱
Rime
group		 藥
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 惄
Old
Chinese		 /*neːwɢ/

Definitions

溺

  1. to drown; to submerge
  2. to indulge; to be addicted
  3. a surname

Compounds
  • 人溺己溺
  • 大水沖溺／大水冲溺
  • 己飢己溺／己饥己溺
  • 惑溺
  • 扶危拯溺
  • 拯危扶溺
  • 拯溺
  • 拯溺扶危
  • 拯溺救焚
  • 拯溺濟危／拯溺济危
  • 授手援溺
  • 援溺振渴
  • 救焚拯溺
  • 桀溺
  • 沉溺 (chénnì)
  • 沒溺／没溺
  • 沮溺
  • 溺亡 (nìwáng)
  • 溺信
  • 溺嬰／溺婴 (nìyīng)
  • 溺志
  • 溺愛／溺爱 (nì'ài)
  • 溺斃／溺毙 (nìbì)
  • 溺死 (nìsǐ)
  • 溺水 (nìshuǐ)
  • 溺職／溺职 (nìzhí)
  • 溺谷
  • 溺途
  • 焚溺
  • 網路沉溺症／网路沉溺症
  • 耽溺 (dānnì)
  • 見溺不救／见溺不救
  • 遇溺 (yùnì)
  • 鍾溺／钟溺
  • 陷溺
  • 飢溺為懷／饥溺为怀

Etymology 2
trad. 溺
simp. # 溺

Pronunciation

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 溺
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 niào
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ newH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kə.nˁewk-s/
English urine

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

溺

  1. Alternative form of 尿 (“urine; to urinate”)

Compounds
  • 便溺 (biànniào)
  • 屎溺
  • 撒溺
  • 溺器
  • 溲溺
  • 溺窩子／溺窝子
  • 貓溺／猫溺
  • 道在屎溺 (dàozàishǐniào)
  • 阿金溺銀／阿金溺银

Etymology 3
trad. 溺
simp. # 溺

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 溺
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 藥 (107)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 而灼切
Baxter nyak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ȵɨɐk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ȵiɐk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȵʑiɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ȵɨak̚/
Li
Rong		 /ȵiak̚/
Wang
Li		 /ȵʑĭak̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȵʑi̯ak̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ruò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 joek6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 溺
Reading # 1/2
No. 10948
Phonetic
component		 弱
Rime
group		 藥
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 若
Old
Chinese		 /*njewɢ/

Definitions

溺

  1. ‡ Alternative form of 弱 (ruò, “name of a river”)
  2. † Alternative form of 弱 (ruò, “weak”)

Japanese

Kanji
溺

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to drown
  2. (rare) urine

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
溺
にょう
Grade: S
goon
For pronunciation and definitions of 溺 – see the following entry.
【尿にょう】S
[noun] [from 1275] urine
(This term, 溺, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 溺 (MC nek).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 溺 (eumhun 빠질 닉 (ppajil nik), South Korea 빠질 익 (ppajil ik))

  1. Hanja form? of 닉/익 (“drown”).

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 2

Related to Middle Chinese 尿 (MC newH).

Hanja

溺 (eumhun 오줌 뇨 (ojum nyo), South Korea 오줌 요 (ojum yo))

  1. Alternative form of 尿 (“Hanja form? of 뇨/요 (“urine”).”)

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

溺: Hán Nôm readings: nịch, niệu, nịu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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