a crow; black; not a crow; black; not; empty; void |
grandson | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (烏孫) | 烏 | 孫 | |
| simp. (乌孙) | 乌 | 孙 | |
First attested in the Records of the Grand Historian.
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 烏 | 孫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 哀都切 | 思渾切 |
| Baxter | 'u | swon |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔuo/ | /suən/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʔuo/ | /suon/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʔo/ | /suən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔɔ/ | /swən/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʔo/ | /suən/ |
| Wang Li |
/u/ | /suən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔuo/ | /suən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
wū | sūn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
wu1 | syun1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 烏 | 孫 |
| Reading # | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
wū | sūn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ʔu › | ‹ swon › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ʔˁa/ | /*[s]ˁu[n]/ |
| English | 烏桓, 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn) | grandchild; descendant |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 烏 | 孫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13077 | 12178 |
| Phonetic component |
烏 | 孫 |
| Rime group |
魚 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
烏 | 孫 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qaː/ | /*suːn/ |