環

See also: 环
環 U+74B0, 環
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-74B0
← 璯
[U+74AF]
CJK Unified Ideographs 璱 →
[U+74B1]

Translingual

Japanese 環
Simplified 环
Traditional 環

Han character

環 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一土田中女 (MGWLV), four-corner 16132, composition ⿰𤣩睘)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 743, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21287
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1152, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1140, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+74B0

Chinese

trad. 環
simp. 环*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 環
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts




References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡʷraːn) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ).

Pronunciation


Note: van4 - used in 耳環/耳环 (“earring”).
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: fan4 / uan4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fan³⁵/, /uan³⁵/
Note: uan4 - used in 環子/环子 (“earring”).
Note:
  • khoân - vernacular;
  • hoân - literary.
    Note: huêng5 - Chaozhou.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai):
        • Wugniu: 6gue
        • MiniDict: gue去
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3gue
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɡue²³/
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: fan2
        • Sinological IPA (key): /ɸan¹³/

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 環
Mandarin Beijing /xuan³⁵/
Harbin /xuan²⁴/
Tianjin /xuan⁴⁵/
Jinan /xuã⁴²/
Qingdao /xuã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xuan⁴²/
Xi'an /xuã²⁴/
Xining /xuã²⁴/
Yinchuan /xuan⁵³/
Lanzhou /xuɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /xuan⁵¹/
Wuhan /xuan²¹³/
Chengdu /xuan³¹/
Guiyang /xuan²¹/
Kunming /xuã̠³¹/
Nanjing /kʰuaŋ²⁴/
/xuaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /xuæ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xuæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /xuɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /xuæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɡue²³/
Suzhou /ɡue̞¹³/
Hangzhou /ɡuõ²¹³/
Wenzhou /va³¹/
Hui Shexian /xuɛ⁴⁴/
/uɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /uːən⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /fan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɸan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /uan⁴⁵/ 耳~
/fan⁴⁵/ 門~
Hakka Meixian /fan¹¹/
Taoyuan /kʰuɑn¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wan²¹/
Nanning /wan²¹/
Hong Kong /wan²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /huan³⁵/
/kʰuan³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰuaŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /uiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /huaŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /huaŋ³¹/

Rime
Character 環
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 刪 (70)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸關切
Baxter hwaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠuan/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦʷᵚan/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦwaɨn/
Li
Rong
/ɣuan/
Wang
Li
/ɣwan/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣwan/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
huán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
waan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 環
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
huán
Middle
Chinese
‹ hwæn ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.ɢʷˁ<r>en/
English ring (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 環
Reading # 1/1
No. 16231
Phonetic
component
睘
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
還
Old
Chinese
/*ɡʷraːn/

Definitions

環

  1. circle; ring; hoop
    指環/指环  ―  zhǐhuán  ―  finger ring
    耳環/耳环  ―  ěrhuán  ―  earring
  2. link
  3. to surround
    環繞/环绕  ―  huánrào  ―  to surround
    環法/环法  ―  Huán Fǎ  ―  Tour de France
  4. (chemistry) ring (a group of atoms linked by bonds to form a closed chain in a molecule)
    苯環/苯环  ―  běnhuán  ―  benzene ring
    雜環/杂环  ―  záhuán  ―  heterocycle
  5. (mathematics) ring
  6. (archery, shooting) ring
  7. a surname
Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (環):
  • → Japanese: 環(かん) (kan)
  • → Korean: 환(環) (hwan)
  • → Vietnamese: hoàn (環)

Etymology 2

From Cantonese 灣/湾 (waan1-4, “bay”), used in certain place names. The low-falling tone change is possibly borrowed from Siyi Yue (Lau and Tang, 2020).

Pronunciation


Definitions

環

  1. (used in place names in Hong Kong and Macau and compounds) bay
    四環九約/四环九约 [Cantonese]  ―  sei3 waan4 gau2 joek3 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai 環
Kyūjitai
[1]

環󠄁
環+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
環󠄃
環+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

環

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. circle, ring, wheel

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
環
かん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 環 (MC hwaen).

Pronunciation

Noun

環(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

  1. ring
  2. (algebra) ring

Prefix

環(かん) • (kan-) ←くわん (kwan)?

  1. circum-

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
環
わ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
輪

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

環(わ) • (wa) 

  1. a ring or circle shape (such as a ring for a finger, or Saturn's rings)
  2. a hoop (such as for a barrel)
  3. a wheel (as of a vehicle)
Synonyms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
環
たまき
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
手纏
鐶

Originally a compound of 手 (ta, “hand”, ancient combining form of modern te) +‎ 巻き (maki, “winding, wrapping”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 巻く maku, “to wind, to wrap”), from the way that the bracelet would be worn around the wrist.

Pronunciation

Noun

環(たまき) • (tamaki) 

  1. an ancient bracelet strung with jewels or bells and worn at the elbow
  2. a longer tube-shaped gauntlet to protect the hand during archery
  3. (obsolete) an ancient jewel or other stone in the shape of a ring
Synonyms

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
環
ゆびまき
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
指巻
鐶

Originally a compound of 指 (yubi, “finger”, noun) +‎ 巻き (maki, “winding, wrapping”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 巻く maku, “to wind, to wrap”), from the way that the ring would be worn around a finger.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [jɯ̟ᵝbʲima̠kʲi]

Noun

環(ゆびまき) • (yubimaki) 

  1. (obsolete) an ancient jewel or other stone in the shape of a ring
Synonyms

References

  1. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1441 (paper), page 771 (digital)
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

環 • (hwan) (hangeul 환)

  1. jade ring or bracelet
  2. ring

Vietnamese

Han character

環: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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