關

關 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 日弓女戈廿 (ANVIT), four-corner 7777₂, composition ⿵門𢇇)

• 𡅭, 𡤡, 𢺄, 𣠸

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1341, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41470
• Dae Jaweon: page 1845, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4316, character 10
• Unihan data for U+95DC

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːn) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 𢇅 () – to stop the door from opening with a wooden stick.

The bronze inscription was in the form of 門 (“door”) + 卝 (“door closed”). 卝 might also serve as a phonetic component.

Compare Proto-Southwestern Tai *klɔːnᴬ² (“latch of door; rafter”), whence Thai กลอน (glɔɔn) (Schuessler, 2007).

關

1. door bolt
2. to close; to shut

   關窗子／关窗子  ―  guān chuāngzi  ―  close the window

   他在聖誕節時關了店鋪。 [MSC, trad.]
   他在圣诞节时关了店铺。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā zài shèngdànjié shí guān le diànpù. [Pinyin]

   He shut up his shop at Christmas.

   Antonym: 開／开 (kāi)

3. to close down (a business)
4. to lock up; to detain

   那囚犯被關在單人牢房內。 [MSC, trad.]
   那囚犯被关在单人牢房内。 [MSC, simp.]

   Nà qiúfàn bèi guān zài dānrén láofáng nèi. [Pinyin]

   The prisoner was locked in a cell.

5. to turn off; to switch off

   關電燈／关电灯  ―  guān diàndēng  ―  to switch the light off

6. (literary) to go through; to pass

   • 太學者，賢士之所關也，教化之本原也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     太学者，贤士之所关也，教化之本原也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Tàixué zhě, xiánshì zhī suǒ guān yě, jiàohuà zhī běnyuán yě. [Pinyin]

     The Grand College is the passage that the good and able go through. It is the foundation of civilisation.

7. to concern; to implicate; to relate to

   至關重要／至关重要  ―  zhìguānzhòngyào  ―  extremely important

   這不關我的事。／这不关我的事。  ―  Zhè bù guān wǒ de shì.  ―  It does not concern me.

   這件事與我無關。 [MSC, trad.]
   这件事与我无关。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè jiàn shì yǔ wǒ wúguān. [Pinyin]

   This has nothing to do with me.

8. frontier pass; border control; checkpoint (controlled passage)

   海關／海关  ―  hǎiguān  ―  customs (literally, "maritime checkpoint")

   過關／过关  ―  guòguān  ―  to break through a pass; to go through border control

   居庸關／居庸关  ―  Jūyōngguān  ―  Juyong Pass

9. (specifically) Shanhai Pass

   關東／关东  ―  guāndōng  ―  east of the Shanhai Pass

10. area just outside a city gate

    城關／城关  ―  chéngguān  ―  area immediately outside a city gate

11. difficult time; critical juncture

    難關／难关  ―  nánguān  ―  crisis; difficulty

    年關／年关  ―  niánguān  ―  end of the year (time for settling accounts)

    • 1933 June 30, Lu Xun, “我的種痘”, in 文學, 3rd edition, volume 1, number 2, 生活書店, published Sep 1933, page 246:

      雖說住的是偏僻之處，和別地方交通很少，比現在可以減少輸入傳染病的機會，然而天花卻年年流行的，因此而死的常聽到。我居然逃過了這一關，真是洪福齊天，就是每年開一次慶祝會也不算過分。 [MSC, trad.]
      虽说住的是偏僻之处，和别地方交通很少，比现在可以减少输入传染病的机会，然而天花却年年流行的，因此而死的常听到。我居然逃过了这一关，真是洪福齐天，就是每年开一次庆祝会也不算过分。 [MSC, simp.]

      Suī shuō zhù de shì piānpì zhī chù, hé bié dìfāng jiāotōng hěn shǎo, bǐ xiànzài kěyǐ jiǎnshào shūrù chuánrǎnbìng de jīhuì, rán'ér tiānhuā què niánnián liúxíng de, yīncǐ ér sǐ de cháng tīng dào. Wǒ jūrán táo guò le zhè yī guān, zhēnshì hóngfúqítiān, jiùshì měinián kāi yī cì qìngzhù huì yě bùsuàn guòfèn. [Pinyin]

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

12. key; crucial part
13. (video games) Short for 關卡／关卡 (guānqiǎ, “level”).
14. (traditional Chinese medicine) Short for 關上／关上 (guānshàng, “guan, a pulse position on the wrist”).
15. (dated) to issue or receive payment

    關餉／关饷  ―  guānxiǎng  ―  to issue or receive pay

    • 賈珍因問尤氏：「咱們春祭的恩賞可領了不曾？」尤氏道：「今兒我打發蓉兒關去了。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
      贾珍因问尤氏：「咱们春祭的恩赏可领了不曾？」尤氏道：「今儿我打发蓉儿关去了。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

      From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18^th century CE

      Gǔzhēn yīn wèn Yóu shì: “Zánmen chūnjì de ēnshǎng kě lǐng le bùcéng?” Yóu shì dào: “Jīn'ér wǒ dǎfā Róng'ér guān qù le.” [Pinyin]

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

16. a surname

    關羽／关羽  ―  Guān Yǔ  ―  Guan Yu (Chinese general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period)

• (to close down): (Cantonese) 執／执 (zap¹)
• (to lock up): (Cantonese) 困 (wan³)
• (to turn off):
  • (Cantonese, Hakka) 閂／闩
  • (Cantonese) 熄 (sik¹)
  • (Singapore Hokkien, Penang Hokkien) 崁 (khàm)
• (frontier pass): 關口／关口 (guānkǒu)

• → English: Guan, Kwan

• “關”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04398
• “Entry #12935”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 関)

1. Kyūjitai form of 関

• Go-on: けん (ken)^{←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}
• Kun: かかわる (kakawaru, 關わる)^{←かかはる (kakafaru, 關はる, historical)}; せき (seki, 關)
• Nanori: とおる (tōru)^{←とほる (toforu, historical)}

關(せき) • (Seki) 

1. a surname

From Middle Chinese 關 (MC kwaen). Recorded as Middle Korean 관 (kwan) (Yale: kwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kwa̠n]
• Phonetic hangul: [관]

Wikisource 關 (eumhun 빗장 관 (bitjang gwan))

1. Hanja form^? of 관 (“relation; barrier”).

Related to Middle Chinese 彎 (MC 'waen).

關 (eumhun 당길 완 (danggil wan))

1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 彎 (“Hanja form^? of 완 (“stretching a bow; to draw a bow”).”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

關: Hán Nôm readings: quan

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.