虐

虐 U+8650, 虐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8650
← 虏
[U+864F]
CJK Unified Ideographs 虑 →
[U+8651]

虐 U+2F9B3, 虐
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B3
← 䕫
[U+2F9B2]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 虜 →
[U+2F9B4]

Translingual

Han character

虐 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜心尸一 (YPSM), four-corner 21211, composition ⿸虍𰀂(GHTKV) or ⿸虍𰀄(J))

References

Chinese

trad. 虐
simp. # 虐
2nd round simp. 𰀂
alternative forms
 
𥤫
𩁿
䖋
䖈
𧆱
𥤫
𩁿
䖋
䖈
𧆱
𧆩
𧆧
𧆝
𫊞
䨋
𮓘
𣑅
𣑾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虐
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 虎 (“tiger”) + 人 (“person”).

Etymology

Possibly related to 謔 (OC *hŋawɢ, “to ridicule”) (Bodman, 1980)。

Pronunciation


Note:
  • ieh4 - literary;
  • nieh4 - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 虐
Mandarin Beijing /nyɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /iau⁵³/
/nyɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /niɑu⁵³/
/nye⁵³/
Jinan /yə²¹/
Qingdao /yə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /yo²⁴/
Xi'an /yo²¹/
Xining /ȵyu²⁴/
Yinchuan /nye¹³/
Lanzhou /yə¹³/
/miə¹³/
Ürümqi /yɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /nio²¹³/
Chengdu /nyo³¹/
Guiyang /nio²¹/
Kunming /nio³¹/
Nanjing /loʔ⁵/
Hefei /lyɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
Pingyao /ȵyʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /niaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiaʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵiɑʔ³/
Hangzhou /ȵiɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵa²¹³/
Hui Shexian /niɔ²²/
Tunxi /ȵio¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ȵio²⁴/
Xiangtan /ȵio²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /ŋiok̚¹/
Taoyuan /ŋiok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jœk̚²/
Nanning /nœk̚²²/
Hong Kong /jœk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /giɔk̚⁵/
/liɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋyoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋiɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋiak̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /niɔk̚³/

Rime
Character 虐
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 藥 (107)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚約切
Baxter ngjak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋɨɐk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋiɐk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋɨak̚/
Li
Rong
/ŋiak̚/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭak̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯ak̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yuè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
joek6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 虐
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
nüè
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngjak ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ŋ](r)awk/
English cruel

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 虐
Reading # 1/1
No. 9636
Phonetic
component
虐
Rime
group
藥
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
虐
Old
Chinese
/*ŋawɢ/

Definitions

虐

  1. cruel; tyrannical; oppressive
  2. to abuse; to maltreat
  3. (literary) disaster; calamity, catastrophe

Compounds

  • 亂虐/乱虐
  • 二豎為虐/二竖为虐
  • 五虐
  • 侈虐
  • 侵虐
  • 傲虐
  • 僭虐
  • 兇虐/凶虐
  • 兒童受虐/儿童受虐
  • 冤虐
  • 凌虐 (língnüè)
  • 凶虐
  • 刁虐
  • 刻虐
  • 削虐
  • 助天為虐/助天为虐
  • 助桀為虐/助桀为虐
  • 助紂為虐/助纣为虐 (zhùzhòuwéinüè)
  • 助紂爲虐/助纣为虐 (zhùzhòuwéinüè)
  • 助虐
  • 厲虐/厉虐
  • 受虐 (shòunüè)
  • 嗣虐
  • 嚴虐/严虐
  • 大虐
  • 奢虐
  • 威虐
  • 定虐
  • 害虐
  • 寇虐
  • 弒虐/弑虐
  • 強虐/强虐
  • 德虐
  • 忍虐
  • 恣虐
  • 悖虐
  • 悍虐
  • 惡虐/恶虐
  • 慘虐/惨虐
  • 戕虐
  • 戾虐
  • 扇虐
  • 搆虐/构虐
  • 施虐 (shīnüè)
  • 旱虐
  • 旱魃為虐/旱魃为虐
  • 昏虐
  • 暴虐 (bàonüè)
  • 暴虐浮躁
  • 暴虐無道/暴虐无道
  • 桀虐
  • 楚虐
  • 榮古虐今/荣古虐今
  • 橫虐/横虐
  • 欺虐
  • 殘虐/残虐 (cánnüè)
  • 毒虐
  • 汰虐
  • 淫虐
  • 淩虐/凌虐
  • 災虐/灾虐
  • 灼虐
  • 炎虐
  • 焅虐
  • 煽虐
  • 狂虐
  • 狠虐
  • 猜虐
  • 礙虐/碍虐 (gāi-gio̍h) (Min Nan)
  • 祖龍之虐/祖龙之虐
  • 禁虐
  • 窮凶極虐/穷凶极虐
  • 篡虐
  • 罔上虐下
  • 肆虐 (sìnüè)
  • 苛虐
  • 虐世
  • 虐人
  • 虐使
  • 虐刑
  • 虐刻
  • 虐割
  • 虐士
  • 虐威
  • 虐害
  • 虐待 (nüèdài)
  • 虐待狂 (nüèdàikuáng)
  • 虐戕
  • 虐戲/虐戏
  • 虐戾
  • 虐政 (nüèzhèng)
  • 虐斂/虐敛
  • 虐暑
  • 虐暴
  • 虐殺/虐杀 (nüèshā)
  • 虐民
  • 虐烈
  • 虐焰
  • 虐燄/虐焰
  • 虐用
  • 虐疾
  • 虐行
  • 虐謀/虐谋
  • 虐謔/虐谑
  • 虐遇
  • 虐饕
  • 虐魃
  • 虣虐
  • 被虐待狂
  • 詐虐/诈虐
  • 誅虐/诛虐
  • 謔而不虐/谑而不虐 (xuè'érbùnüè)
  • 譖虐/谮虐
  • 豺虎肆虐
  • 貪虐/贪虐
  • 賊虐/贼虐
  • 躁虐
  • 逞虐
  • 遺虐/遗虐
  • 邪虐
  • 鄙虐
  • 酗虐
  • 酷虐
  • 醟虐/蒏虐
  • 醜虐/丑虐
  • 陵上虐下
  • 陵虐 (língnüè)
  • 險虐/险虐
  • 雪虐風饕/雪虐风饕
  • 頑虐/顽虐
  • 饕虐
  • 饕風虐雪/饕风虐雪
  • 首虐
  • 騷虐/骚虐
  • 驕侈淫虐/骄侈淫虐
  • 魃虐

Japanese

Shinjitai 虐
Kyūjitai
[1][2]

虐󠄁
虐+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
虐󠄃
虐+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

虐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to oppress; to persecute; to tyrannize

Readings

Compounds

References

  1. 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “虐”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1061 (paper), page 543 (digital)

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 악 (ak) based on Middle Chinese 虐 (MC ngjak).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᅌᅡᆨ〮 (Yale: ngak)

Pronunciation

Hanja

虐 (eum 모질 학 (mojil hak))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

虐: Hán Nôm readings: ngược, ngước

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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