| {{vern|eastern bean goose}}; great; large | scholar; Confucian | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (鴻儒) | 鴻 | 儒 | |
| simp. (鸿儒) | 鸿 | 儒 | |
| alternative forms | 宏儒 洪儒 | ||
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 鴻 | 儒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 戸公切 | 人朱切 |
| Baxter | huwng | nyu |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦuŋ/ | /ȵɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦuŋ/ | /ȵio/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣuŋ/ | /ȵʑio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦəwŋ/ | /ȵuə̆/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣuŋ/ | /ȵio/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣuŋ/ | /ȵʑĭu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣuŋ/ | /ȵʑi̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hóng | rú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hung4 | jyu4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 鴻 | 儒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hóng | rú |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ huwng › | ‹ nyu › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɡ]ˁoŋ/ | /*no/ |
| English | kind of wild goose | 侏儒 zhūrú "dwarf", scholar, Confucianism (not in original list) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 鴻 | 儒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4061 | 13969 |
| Phonetic component |
工 | 需 |
| Rime group |
東 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
洪 | 儒 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡoːŋ/ | /*njo/ |