呼吸

Chinese
to breathe out to breathe in
trad. (呼吸) 呼 吸
simp. #(呼吸) 呼 吸

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 呼 吸
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 緝 (142)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 荒烏切 許及切
Baxter xu xip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /huo/ /hˠiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /huo/ /hᵚip̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xo/ /xiep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hɔ/ /hjip̚/
Li
Rong		 /xo/ /xjəp̚/
Wang
Li		 /xu/ /xĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xuo/ /xi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hū xi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fu1 hap1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 呼 吸
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hū xī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xu › ‹ xip ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰˁa/ /*qʰ(r)əp/
English call out, shout inhale

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 呼 吸
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 5181 5667
Phonetic
component		 乎 及
Rime
group		 魚 緝
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 呼 吸
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰaː/ /*qʰrɯb/

Verb

呼吸

  1. to breathe; to exhale and inhale; (sometimes specifically) to breathe in; to inhale
    深呼吸  ―  shēn hūxī  ―  to breathe deeply
    調整呼吸／调整呼吸  ―  tiáozhěng hūxī  ―  to adjust one's breathing
    呼吸器官  ―  hūxī qìguān  ―  respiratory organ
    呼吸困難／呼吸困难  ―  hūxī kùnnán  ―  (to have) breathing difficulty
    呼吸急促  ―  hūxī jícù  ―  to have laboured breathing
    呼吸新鮮空氣／呼吸新鲜空气  ―  hūxī xīnxiān kōngqì  ―  to breathe in fresh air
    停止呼吸  ―  tíngzhǐ hūxī  ―  to stop breathing
    已經沒有了呼吸／已经没有了呼吸  ―  yǐjīng méiyǒu le hūxī  ―  to be no longer breathing

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 呼吸 (“to breathe”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 呼吸
Mandarin Taiwan 呼吸
Singapore 呼吸
Cantonese Guangzhou 敨氣
Hong Kong 敨氣
Taishan 敨氣
Singapore (Guangfu) 敨氣
Hakka Meixian 敨氣
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 敨氣
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 敨氣
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 敨氣
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 敨氣
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 敨氣
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 敨氣
Northern Min Jian'ou 取氣
Southern Min Xiamen 喘氣
Xiamen (Tong'an) 喘氣
Quanzhou 喘氣
Zhangzhou 喘氣
Tainan 喘氣
Penang (Hokkien) 喘氣
Singapore (Hokkien) 喘氣
Manila (Hokkien) 喘氣, 呼吸
Jieyang 敨氣
Singapore (Teochew) 喘氣

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (呼吸):

Japanese
Kanji in this term
呼 吸
こ
Grade: 6		 きゅう
Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) こきゅう [kòkyúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞kʲɨᵝː]

Noun

呼(こ)吸(きゅう) • (kokyū) ←こきふ (kokifu)?

  1. a breath
  2. respiration
  3. knack; the trick (to something)

Derived terms

See also

Verb

呼(こ)吸(きゅう)する • (kokyū suru) ←こきふ (kokifu)?suru (stem 呼(こ)吸(きゅう)し (kokyū shi), past 呼(こ)吸(きゅう)した (kokyū shita))

  1. breathe, respire

Conjugation
Conjugation of "呼吸する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 呼吸し こきゅうし kokyū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 呼吸し こきゅうし kokyū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 呼吸する こきゅうする kokyū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 呼吸する こきゅうする kokyū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 呼吸すれ こきゅうすれ kokyū sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 呼吸せよ¹
呼吸しろ²		 こきゅうせよ¹
こきゅうしろ²		 kokyū seyo¹
kokyū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 呼吸される こきゅうされる kokyū sareru
Causative 呼吸させる
呼吸さす		 こきゅうさせる
こきゅうさす		 kokyū saseru
kokyū sasu
Potential 呼吸できる こきゅうできる kokyū dekiru
Volitional 呼吸しよう こきゅうしよう kokyū shiyō
Negative 呼吸しない こきゅうしない kokyū shinai
Negative continuative 呼吸せず こきゅうせず kokyū sezu
Formal 呼吸します こきゅうします kokyū shimasu
Perfective 呼吸した こきゅうした kokyū shita
Conjunctive 呼吸して こきゅうして kokyū shite
Hypothetical conditional 呼吸すれば こきゅうすれば kokyū sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
呼吸

Noun

呼吸 • (hoheup) (hangeul 호흡)

  1. Hanja form? of 호흡 (“breath”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
呼吸

Verb

呼吸

  1. chữ Hán form of hô hấp (“to breathe”).
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