壕

壕 U+58D5, 壕
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58D5
← 壔
[U+58D4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 壖 →
[U+58D6]

Translingual

Han character

壕 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 土卜口人 (GYRO), four-corner 40132, composition ⿰土豪)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 241, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5559
  • Dae Jaweon: page 481, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 497, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+58D5

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 壕

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
高 *kaːw
膏 *kaːw, *kaːws
篙 *kaːw
稿 *kaːwʔ
稾 *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws
槁 *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ
縞 *kaːwʔ, *kaːws
暠 *kaːwʔ
槀 *kaːwʔ
藁 *kaːwʔ
燺 *kʰaːwʔ
薧 *kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw
犒 *kʰaːws
蒿 *qʰaːw
藃 *qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw
豪 *ɡaːw
毫 *ɡaːw
壕 *ɡaːw
濠 *ɡaːw
鎬 *ɡaːwʔ
滈 *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ
鄗 *ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ
鰝 *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ
薃 *ɡaːwʔ
搞 *kruːʔ
敲 *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws
髇 *qʰraːw
嗃 *qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ
巐 *kʰl'awʔ
歊 *qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ
謞 *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ
熇 *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ
碻 *kʰraːwɢ
塙 *kʰraːwɢ
毃 *kʰraːwɢ
翯 *qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ
瀥 *qʰraːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːw) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hô/hô͘ - literary;
  • ô - vernacular.
    Rime
    Character 壕
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 豪 (89)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 胡刀切
    Baxter haw
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang    		 /ɦɑu/
    Pan
    Wuyun    		 /ɦɑu/
    Shao
    Rongfen    		 /ɣɑu/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank    		 /ɦaw/
    Li
    Rong    		 /ɣɑu/
    Wang
    Li    		 /ɣɑu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren    		 /ɣɑu/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex    		 háo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex    		 hou4
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 壕
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3749
    Phonetic
    component    		 高
    Rime
    group    		 宵
    Rime
    subdivision    		 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime    		 豪
    Old
    Chinese    		 /*ɡaːw/
    Notes 同濠

    Definitions

    壕

    1. moat; channel
    2. (military) trench
    3. (Internet slang) Alternative form of 土豪 (tǔháo)

    Compounds

    Japanese

    Kanji
    壕

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    1. moat, trench

    Readings
    • Go-on: ごう (gō)
    • Kan-on: こう (kō)
    • Kun: ほり (hori, 壕)

    Compounds
    Compounds

    Etymology 1
    Kanji in this term
    壕
    ごう
    Jinmeiyō
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 壕 (háo).

    Alternative forms

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    壕(ごう) • (gō) ←がう (gau)?

    1. moat, trench
    Usage notes

    濠 implies one with water, 壕 implies one without water.

    Etymology 2
    Kanji in this term
    壕
    ほり
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi

    The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掘る (horu, “to dig”).

    Alternative forms

    Pronunciation
    • (Tokyo) ほり​ [hòríꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
    • IPA(key): [ho̞ɾʲi]

    Noun

    壕(ほり) • (hori) 

    1. ditch, canal
    2. moat
    Derived terms
    Derived terms
    • 内壕(うちぼり) (uchibori)
    • 空壕(からぼり) (karabori)
    • 城壕(しろぼり) (shirobori)
    • 捨(す)て壕(ぼり) (sutebori)
    • 外壕(そとぼり) (sotobori)

    References
    1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    Hanja

    壕 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    壕: Hán Nôm readings: hào

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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