市

See also: 帀 and 巿
市 U+5E02, 市
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E02
← 币
[U+5E01] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 布 →
[U+5E03]

Translingual
Stroke order
5 strokes

Alternative forms

Note that the Ming typeface used in Japan and Korea as well as the Kangxi dictionary uses a vertical dot for the upper component of 亠 which is slightly different from modern Chinese scripts which uses a slanting 丶 dot for the upper component of 亠 in 市.

Han character

市 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜中月 (YLB), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱丶帀 or ⿱亠巾)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 328, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8775
  • Dae Jaweon: page 632, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 729, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5E02

Usage notes

This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 巿 (U+5DFF) ("type of clothing in ancient China") which has only four strokes and is written with 一 across the top of 巾.

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 市

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 市
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯʔ) : semantic 兮 (“bustling”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ).

Etymology

Possibly related to Proto-Tai *z.ɟɯːꟲ (“to buy”), whence Thai ซื้อ (sʉ́ʉ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chhī/chhǐ - vernacular;
  • sī/sǐ - literary.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai, Suzhou)
        • Wugniu: 6zy
        • MiniDict: zy去
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3zr
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/
        • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zz̩²³¹/
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: shr5 / shr4
        • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²¹/, /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
        • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /sz̩²¹/, /sz̩⁴⁵/
    Note:
    • shr5 - vernacular;
    • shr4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 市
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 之 (19)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 時止切
    Baxter dzyiX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang    		 /d͡ʑɨX/
    Pan
    Wuyun    		 /d͡ʑɨX/
    Shao
    Rongfen    		 /d͡ʑieX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank    		 /d͡ʑɨX/
    Li
    Rong    		 /ʑiəX/
    Wang
    Li    		 /ʑĭəX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren    		 /ʑiX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex    		 shì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex    		 si6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 市
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)    		 shì
    Middle
    Chinese    		 ‹ dzyiX ›
    Old
    Chinese    		 /*C.[d]əʔ/
    English market (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 市
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11611
    Phonetic
    component    		 市
    Rime
    group    		 之
    Rime
    subdivision    		 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime    		 市
    Old
    Chinese    		 /*djɯʔ/

    Definitions

    市

    1. city; town
    2. market; fair
    3. to trade; to do business
    4. to buy
    5. to sell
    6. (Cantonese) market situation; especially the stock market
    7. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) business situation (buy and sell of goods)

    Compounds

    Japanese

    Kanji
    市

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings
    • Go-on: じ (ji)
    • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
    • Kun: いち (ichi, 市, Jōyō)

    Compounds
    Derived terms

    Etymology 1
    Kanji in this term
    市
    いち
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese 市 (ichi). Found in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    市(いち) • (ichi) 

    1. a market, a marketplace
    2. a place where a lot of people gather
    3. (less commonly) a town, a city

    Etymology 2
    Kanji in this term
    市
    し
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    Suffix

    市(し) • (-shi) 

    1. city
    Usage notes

    When compounding, similar to 都 (-to), 道 (-dō), 府 (-fu), 県 (-ken) and 町 (chō), makes the accent fall on the 自立拍 (jiritsuhaku, “autonomous mora”) immediately before itself. For example:

    References
    1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 市 (MC dzyiX).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰi(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [시(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    Wikisource 市 (eumhun 저자 시 (jeoja si))

    1. Hanja form? of 시 (“market”).
    2. Hanja form? of 시 (“city; town”).

    Compounds
    Derived terms

    References
    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    市: Hán Nôm readings: thị

    1. (only in compounds) market
    2. (only in compounds) city

    Compounds
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