布穀

Chinese

	to declare; to announce; to spread to declare; to announce; to spread; to make known; spread; (cotton) cloth	grain; corn
trad. (布穀)	布	穀
simp. (布谷)	布	谷
alternative forms	勃姑撥穀／拨谷

Etymology

Phono-semantic matching of the characteristic two-note call of the cuckoos.

Literally “to spread grain” – The cuckoos' chirps are usually heard during the seed-sowing times, and their call symbolises the commencement of a new farming season.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bùgǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bou³ guk¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bùgǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bùgǔ
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁴-ku³
  - Yale: bù-gǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buhguu
  - Palladius: бугу (bugu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bou³ guk¹
  - Yale: bou gūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bou³ guk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: bou³ gug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³³ kʊk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: puH kuwk

Rime
Character	布	穀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	東 (3)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	愽故切	古禄切
Baxter	puH	kuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/puo^H/	/kuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/puo^H/	/kuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/po^H/	/kuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pɔ^H/	/kəwk̚/
Li Rong	/po^H/	/kuk̚/
Wang Li	/pu^H/	/kuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/puo^H/	/kuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bù	gu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou³	guk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤa-s [k]ˤok/

(Zhengzhang): /*paːs kloːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	布	穀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bù	gǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ pu^H ›	‹ kuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁa-s/	/*[k]ˁok/
English	cloth	grain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	布	穀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3495	7423
Phonetic component	父	殻
Rime group	魚	屋
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		穀
Old Chinese	/*paːs/	/*kloːɡ/

Noun

布穀

(～鳥) cuckoo
- 臣聞布穀鳴於孟夏，蟋蟀吟於始秋。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  臣闻布谷鸣于孟夏，蟋蟀吟于始秋。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5^th century CE
  Chén wén bùgǔ míng yú mèngxià, xīshuài yín yú shǐqiū. [Pinyin]
  I [the subject] know that cuckoos call during the first month of summer, and crickets chirp in the early autumn.

Synonyms

可穀／可谷 (dialectal)
姑姑蟲／姑姑虫 (gu¹ gu^1-3 cung¹) (Jin)
子規／子规 (zǐguī)
子規鳥／子规鸟 (zǐguīniǎo)
布穀鳥／布谷鸟 (bùgǔniǎo)
杜宇 (dùyǔ) (literary)
杜鵑／杜鹃 (dùjuān)
杜鵑鳥／杜鹃鸟 (dùjuānniǎo)
種穀蟲兒／种谷虫儿 (Jin)
穀穀鳥／谷谷鸟 (dialectal)
豆仔鳥／豆仔鸟 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
陽雀子／阳雀子 (ian² cio⁶ zr) (Xiang)
鳲鳩／鸤鸠 (shījiū) (literary)

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