憂心忡忡

See also: 忧心忡忡

Chinese

worried; laden with anxiety; drooping
trad. (憂心忡忡) 憂心 忡忡
simp. (忧心忡忡) 忧心 忡忡

Etymology

Occurred a few times in the Classic of Poetry, for example, in poem 14 (《詩經·召南·草蟲》):

喓喓草蟲,趯趯阜螽。
未見君子,憂心忡忡。
[Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
喓喓草虫,趯趯阜螽。
未见君子,忧心忡忡。
[Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Yāoyāo cǎochóng, yuèyuè fùzhōng.
Wèi jiàn jūnzǐ, yōuxīn chōngchōng.
[Pinyin]
Yao-yao went the grass-insects, And the hoppers sprang about.
While I do not see my lord, My sorrowful heart is agitated.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 憂 心 忡
Reading # 1/1 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34) 心 (16) 徹 (10)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 侵 (139) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) III III III
Fanqie 於求切 息林切 敕中切
Baxter 'juw sim trhjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔɨu/ /siɪm/ /ʈʰɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔiu/ /sim/ /ʈʰiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔiəu/ /sjem/ /ȶʰiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔuw/ /sim/ /ʈʰuwŋ/
Li
Rong
/ʔiu/ /siəm/ /ȶʰiuŋ/
Wang
Li
/ĭəu/ /sĭĕm/ /ȶʰĭuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯ə̯u/ /si̯əm/ /ȶʰi̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yōu xīn chōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jau1 sam1 cung1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 憂 心 忡
Reading # 1/1 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yōu xīn chōng
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔjuw › ‹ sim › ‹ trhjuwng ›
Old
Chinese
/*ʔ(r)u/ /*səm/ /*tʰruŋ/
English grief, grieved heart grieved, agitated

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 憂 心 忡
Reading # 1/1 1/1 1/1
No. 15493 13801 17412
Phonetic
component
憂 心 中
Rime
group
幽 侵 終
Rime
subdivision
1 1 0
Corresponding
MC rime
憂 心 忡
Old
Chinese
/*qu/ /*slɯm/ /*tʰuŋ/

Idiom

憂心忡忡

  1. worried and anxious
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