憂

See also: 忧
憂 U+6182, 憂
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6182
← 憁
[U+6181]
CJK Unified Ideographs 憃 →
[U+6183]

Translingual

Han character

憂 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一月心竹水 (MBPHE), four-corner 10247, composition ⿱㥑夂(GJKV) or ⿱㥑夊(HT))

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 401, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11170
  • Dae Jaweon: page 741, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2341, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+6182

Chinese

trad. 憂/懮
simp. 忧*
alternative forms
 
懮
㥑
𢝊
𢟜
𢚧
懮
㥑
𢝊
𢟜
𢚧
𠮕
𨗫
𩕂
𠪍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 憂
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *qu) : phonetic 㥑 () + semantic 夊.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 憂
Mandarin Beijing /iou⁵⁵/
Harbin /iou⁴⁴/
Tianjin /iou²¹/
Jinan /iou²¹³/
Qingdao /iou²¹³/
Zhengzhou /iou²⁴/
Xi'an /iou²¹/
Xining /iɯ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /iəu⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /iou³¹/
Ürümqi /iɤu⁴⁴/
Wuhan /iəu⁵⁵/
Chengdu /iəu⁵⁵/
Guiyang /iəu⁵⁵/
Kunming /iəu⁴⁴/
Nanjing /iəɯ³¹/
Hefei /iɯ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /iəu¹¹/
Pingyao /iəu¹³/
Hohhot /iəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /iɤ⁵³/
Suzhou /iɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔiø³³/
Wenzhou /j̠au³³/
Hui Shexian /iu³¹/
Tunxi /iu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /iəu³³/
Xiangtan /iəɯ³³/
Gan Nanchang /iu⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /iu¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒiu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐu⁵³/
Nanning /jɐu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jɐu⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iu⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ieu⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iu⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /iu³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /iu²³/

Rime
Character 憂
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於求切
Baxter 'juw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔiu/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔuw/
Li
Rong
/ʔiu/
Wang
Li
/ĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yōu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 憂
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yōu
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔjuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*ʔ(r)u/
English grief, grieved

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 憂
Reading # 1/1
No. 15493
Phonetic
component
憂
Rime
group
幽
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
憂
Old
Chinese
/*qu/

Definitions

憂

  1. sad; grieved
  2. grief; melancholy

Compounds

  • 丁憂/丁忧 (dīngyōu)
  • 丁母憂/丁母忧 (dīngmǔyōu)
  • 丁父憂/丁父忧 (dīngfùyōu)
  • 不憂/不忧
  • 主憂臣辱/主忧臣辱
  • 伯道之憂/伯道之忧
  • 備嘗憂患/备尝忧患
  • 先憂後樂/先忧后乐
  • 內憂/内忧
  • 內憂外患/内忧外患 (nèiyōuwàihuàn)
  • 內顧之憂/内顾之忧
  • 分憂/分忧 (fēnyōu)
  • 分憂共患/分忧共患 (fēnyōu gòng huàn)
  • 分憂解勞/分忧解劳
  • 受怕擔憂/受怕担忧
  • 同憂相救/同忧相救
  • 國憂/国忧
  • 埋憂/埋忧
  • 報憂/报忧 (bàoyōu)
  • 堪憂/堪忧 (kānyōu)
  • 嫠憂宗周/嫠忧宗周
  • 嫠緯之憂/嫠纬之忧
  • 宅憂/宅忧
  • 安枕無憂/安枕无忧
  • 宵旰憂勞/宵旰忧劳 (xiāo gàn yōu láo)
  • 寅憂夕惕/寅忧夕惕
  • 寫憂/写忧
  • 居憂/居忧
  • 帶憂/带忧
  • 幽憂/幽忧
  • 後顧之憂/后顾之忧 (hòugùzhīyōu)
  • 心腹之憂/心腹之忧
  • 忘憂/忘忧 (wàngyōu)
  • 忘憂物/忘忧物
  • 忘憂草/忘忧草 (wàngyōucǎo)
  • 忽喜忽憂/忽喜忽忧
  • 性命之憂/性命之忧
  • 思深憂遠/思深忧远
  • 恐憂/恐忧 (kǒngyōu)
  • 悲憂/悲忧
  • 憂傷/忧伤 (yōushāng)
  • 憂公如家/忧公如家
  • 憂公忘私/忧公忘私
  • 憂公無私/忧公无私
  • 憂勞/忧劳
  • 憂喜交集/忧喜交集 (yōuxǐ jiāojí)
  • 憂喜參半/忧喜参半
  • 憂國/忧国 (yōuguó)
  • 憂國哀民/忧国哀民
  • 憂國如家/忧国如家
  • 憂國忘家/忧国忘家
  • 憂國忘私/忧国忘私
  • 憂國忘身/忧国忘身
  • 憂國恤民/忧国恤民
  • 憂國愛民/忧国爱民
  • 憂國憂時/忧国忧时
  • 憂國憂民/忧国忧民 (yōuguóyōumín)
  • 憂尋/忧寻
  • 憂形於色/忧形于色
  • 憂心/忧心 (yōuxīn)
  • 憂心如惔/忧心如惔
  • 憂心如擣/忧心如捣
  • 憂心如焚/忧心如焚 (yōuxīnrúfén)
  • 憂心如薰/忧心如薰
  • 憂心如酲/忧心如酲
  • 憂心如醉/忧心如醉
  • 憂心忡忡/忧心忡忡 (yōuxīnchōngchōng)
  • 憂心悄悄/忧心悄悄
  • 憂心若醉/忧心若醉
  • 憂思/忧思 (yōusī)
  • 憂患/忧患 (yōuhuàn)
  • 憂悒/忧悒
  • 憂患意識/忧患意识
  • 憂惙/忧惙
  • 憂悶/忧闷 (yōumèn)
  • 憂惱/忧恼 (yōunǎo)
  • 憂愁/忧愁 (yōuchóu)
  • 憂愁夫人/忧愁夫人
  • 憂慮/忧虑 (yōulǜ)
  • 憂憤/忧愤
  • 憂憶/忧忆
  • 憂懼/忧惧 (yōujù)
  • 憂戚/忧戚 (yōuqī)
  • 憂民/忧民 (yōumín)
  • 憂民憂國/忧民忧国 (yōumínyōuguó)
  • 憂深思遠/忧深思远
  • 憂煩/忧烦 (yōufán)
  • 憂煎/忧煎
  • 憂疑/忧疑 (yōuyí)
  • 憂能傷人/忧能伤人
  • 憂色/忧色 (yōusè)
  • 憂葵/忧葵
  • 憂虞/忧虞
  • 憂闕/忧阙
  • 憂鬱/忧郁 (yōuyù)
  • 憂鬱症/忧郁症 (yōuyùzhèng)
  • 懷憂/怀忧
  • 懷憂喪志/怀忧丧志
  • 抗憂鬱藥/抗忧郁药
  • 排難解憂/排难解忧
  • 擔憂/担忧 (dānyōu)
  • 擔隔夜憂/担隔夜忧
  • 杞人之憂/杞人之忧
  • 杞人憂天/杞人忧天 (qǐrényōutiān)
  • 杞國憂天/杞国忧天
  • 杞憂/杞忧 (qǐyōu)
  • 樂以忘憂/乐以忘忧
  • 樂而忘憂/乐而忘忧
  • 死無遺憂/死无遗忧
  • 殷憂 (yīnyōu)
  • 殷憂啟聖/殷忧启圣
  • 沉憂/沉忧
  • 消憂/消忧
  • 湛憂/湛忧
  • 滿腹憂愁/满腹忧愁
  • 無憂無慮/无忧无虑 (wúyōuwúlǜ)
  • 無慮無憂/无虑无忧 (wúlǜwúyōu)
  • 疇咨之憂/畴咨之忧
  • 癙憂/癙忧
  • 百憂/百忧
  • 破鏡之憂/破镜之忧
  • 積憂成疾/积忧成疾
  • 耽憂/耽忧 (dānyōu)
  • 肘腋之憂/肘腋之忧
  • 與民同憂/与民同忧
  • 覆餗之憂/覆𫗧之忧
  • 解憂/解忧 (jiěyōu)
  • 解難排憂/解难排忧
  • 負薪之憂/负薪之忧
  • 軫憂/轸忧
  • 轉憂成喜/转忧成喜
  • 轉憂為喜/转忧为喜
  • 近憂/近忧 (jìnyōu)
  • 采薪之憂
  • 隱憂/隐忧 (yǐnyōu)
  • 離憂/离忧
  • 面帶憂容/面带忧容
  • 面有憂色/面有忧色
  • 飽經憂患/饱经忧患
  • 高枕勿憂/高枕勿忧
  • 高枕無憂/高枕无忧 (gāozhěnwúyōu)
  • 魯女憂葵/鲁女忧葵

Japanese

Kanji

憂

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. anxiety, worry
  2. mourning

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
憂
う
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Stem of classical adjective 憂し (ushi),[1][2] modern 憂い (ui, “gloomy, sad”).

Noun

憂(う) • (u) 

  1. grief, pain, sorrow

Derived terms

  • あな憂(う) (anau)
  • 心(こころ)憂(う) (kokorō)

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

憂 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

憂: Hán Nôm readings: ưu, âu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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