掘

See also: 撅
掘 U+6398, 掘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6398
← 掗
[U+6397]
CJK Unified Ideographs 掙 →
[U+6399]

Translingual

Han character

掘 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手尸山山 (QSUU), four-corner 57072, composition ⿰扌屈)

Derived characters

  • 𫁗

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 438, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12264
  • Dae Jaweon: page 787, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1909, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6398

Chinese

simp. and trad.
掘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 掘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡlod, *ɡlud) : semantic 扌 (“hand; action”) + phonetic 屈 (OC *klud, *kʰlud).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-(k/g)wa-t (“to dig out; to scoop out”), cognate to Tibetan རྐོད་པ (rkod pa), རྐོ་བ (rko ba, “to dig; to hoe”) (STEDT). Possibly related to 決 (OC *kʷeːd, “to dig an outlet for water; to burst out”).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 掘
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕyɛ³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕye⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕyə⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡ɕyə²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕyɛ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕyu⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕye¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕyə⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕyɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕye²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/ 老
/t͡ɕie²¹/ 新
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕyeʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑyɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /d͡ʑyəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷəʔ²/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰyeʔ²¹/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕye²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕyæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /kʰiut̚¹/
Taoyuan /kʰut̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐt̚²/
Nanning /kʷet̚²²/
Hong Kong /kwɐt̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kut̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ky⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuk̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kut̚³/

Rime
Character 掘 掘
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 群 (30) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 物 (60) 月 (68)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 衢物切 其月切
Baxter gjut gjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨut̚/ /ɡʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡiut̚/ /ɡʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiuət̚/ /ɡiuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gut̚/ /guat̚/
Li
Rong
/ɡiuət̚/ /ɡiuɐt̚/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭuət̚/ /ɡĭwɐt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯uət̚/ /gi̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jú jué
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gwat6 gyut6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 掘 掘
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jué jué
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjut › ‹ gjwot ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ut/ /*[ɡ]ot/
English dig out (earth) dig out (earth)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 掘 掘
Reading # 2/2 1/2
No. 1586 1559
Phonetic
component
出 出
Rime
group
物 月
Rime
subdivision
2 3
Corresponding
MC rime
倔 𧤼
Old
Chinese
/*ɡlud/ /*ɡlod/

Definitions

掘

  1. to dig; to excavate
  2. (Hakka) to scratch (with nails, claws)
Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 掘 – see 窟 (“cave”).
(This character is an obsolete form of 窟).

Japanese

Kanji

掘

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to dig

Readings

Korean

Hanja

掘 • (gul, gwol) (hangeul 굴, 궐, revised gul, gwol, McCune–Reischauer kul, kwŏl, Yale kwul, kwel)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

掘: Hán Nôm readings: quật, oặt, quặt, quất, quịt, quát, quạt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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